p1 - topic 2: dispositional approach: lexical traits

Question 1

what are typologies?

Answer 1

aggregating and simplifying categories with an all or nothing principle

Question 2

who made the temperament theory?

Answer 2

hippocrates

Question 3

what types are in the temperament theory?

Answer 3

sanguine
choleric
melancholic
phlegmatic

Question 4

kretschmer’s type theory

Answer 4

picnic (bipolar disorder)
asthenic/leptosome body type (schizophrenia)
athletic (epilepsy)

Question 5

sheldon’s type theory

Answer 5

endomorph
mesomorph
ectomorph

Question 6

strong vs weak trait theory

Answer 6

strong: each trait reflects internally, bio deterministic tendency that is inherent in people and these inner tendencies determine person’s behaviour
weak: traits are descriptive concepts (labels) in the mind of the observer

Question 7

deposition hypothesis

Answer 7

cattel
lexical research
all aspects of human personality that are important, of interest / useful are fixed in the fabric of language

Question 8

lexical hypothesis

Answer 8

goldberg
lexical research
difference between individuals that are the most outstanding and important in people’s lives are coded in language

Question 9

steps of lexical research

Answer 9

variable selection
data collection
data reduction (factor analysis)
interpreting and naming factors

Question 10

role of factor analysis in personality psychology

Answer 10

reduces wide range of personality manifestations to a more manageable number of traits
some traits are more important than others

Question 11

disadvantages of factor analysis

Answer 11

can only classify what was included in initial pool of variables –> subjective element, prone to bias