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z - biology > P2 4d human influences > Flashcards

P2 4d human influences Flashcards

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1
Q

what are reasons for human population growth?

A
  • improved tech leads to increase in birth rate

- improved medicine, hygiene and health care

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2
Q

what are the pollutants of water pollution?

A
  • toxic chemicals
  • untreated sewage
  • fertilisers
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3
Q

what is the source of toxic chemicals in water?

A
  • pesticides and herbicides sprayed on crops.

- runoff occurs from agricultural land if these toxics chemicals are applied in too high a concentration

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4
Q

what is the cause of untreated sewage in water?

A

lack of sewage treatment plants in inhabited areas, meaning sewage runs or is pumped into watercourses

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5
Q

what is the source of fertilisers in water?

A

runoff occurs from agricultural land is fertilisers are applied in too high a concentration, entering water-sources

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6
Q

how does toxic chemical effect biodiversity?

A
  • they can’t be broken down by organisms
  • can be absorbed by aquatic plants or invertebrates and can build up in the tissues of these organisms overtime, causing bioaccumulation
  • at each stage of the food chain the chemicals build up which can lead to dangerously toxic levels, causing death or failure to breed, this is biomagnification
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7
Q

how does untreated sewage effect biodiversity?

A

It provides a good source of bacteria which increases rapidly, depleting the oxygen dissolved in water because aerobic respiration
the lack of oxygen results in the death of aquatic organisms such as fish and aquatic invertebrates, this is eutrophication

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8
Q

how do fertilisers effect biodiversity?

A

causes increased growth of algae and water plants, causing algal bloom, which blocks sunlight to water plants, causing death
eventually the algae also dies while competing for nutrients
dead plants and algae are a good food source for bacteria
leads to eutrophication

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9
Q

what are the pollutants of land pollution?

A
  • toxic chemicals

- discarded rubbish

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10
Q

what is the source of toxic chemicals on land?

A

when sprayed on to crop these toxic chemicals also get into the soil

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11
Q

how does toxic chemical effect biodiversity on land?

A
  • can’t be broken down
  • causes bioaccumulation
  • causes biomagnification
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12
Q

how does discarded rubbish effect biodiversity?

A

landfill sites take up a lot of room, causing destruction of natural habitats
toxic chemicals can spread from the waste into the soil
non-biodegradable things stay in the environment for hundreds of years

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13
Q

what is the source of discarded rubbish on land?

A

household waste that can’t be recycled is buried in landfill series

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14
Q

what is the pollutant of air pollution?

A

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides

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15
Q

what is the source of sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides in air?

A

combustion of fossil fuels that contain sulphur impurities creates sulphur dioxide
nitrogen oxides are also produces in combusting fossil fuels
they react with oxygen and dissolves in rainwater to produces dilute sulphuric acid and nitric acid, making acid rain

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16
Q

how does effect sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides biodiversity?

A

acid rain can damage the leaves, buds and flowers of plants
it can make rivers and lakes too acidic, causing death in aquatic organisms
cause leaching of minerals that are toxic to fish into lakes

17
Q

what is a greenhouse gas?

A

gas that absorbs infrared radiation from the sun so it remains trapped in the earths atmosphere

18
Q

why are greenhouse gases important?

A

to ensure it is warm enough for life

19
Q

what are the important green house gases?

A 
water vapour 
carbon dioxide
methane 
nitrous oxides 
CFCs
20
Q

what human activities have increased levels of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere?

A
  • CO2 is produced by the combustion of fuels

- methane by Cattle and rice paddy fields

21
Q

how does the greenhouse effect work?

A
  • sun emits rays that enter the earths atmosphere
  • heat bounces back from the surface
  • some heat is reflected back out
  • some heat is absorbed by greenhouse gases
22
Q

what are the consequences of global warming?

A
  • ocean temp increasing
  • increasing temperatures
  • changes in or loss habitats
  • decreases biodiversity
  • increases migration
  • increased spread of pests and disease
23
Q

what is evidence for global warming?

A
  • scientific consensus that human actives are largely responsible for most recent warming
  • predictions
24
Q

what is deforestation?

A

clearing of trees on a large scale

25
Q

why is deforestation happening?

A

being cleared for the land to be used in a different way

  • building
  • grazing land
  • planting of monocultures
26
Q

what are the effects of deforestation?

A
  • extinction / loss of biodiversity
  • soil erosion
  • flooding
  • increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere
  • disturbance of the water cycle
27
Q

what is the consequence of extinction / loss of biodiversity?

A
  • forest habitats have lots of biodiversity and as a habitat is destroyed, it causes the loss of large numbers of plant and animal species
  • many of them are only found in one area and will become extinct
28
Q

what is the consequence of soil erosion?

A
  • tree roots help stabilise the soil, preventing erosion
  • trees will take up nutrients and minerals
  • without trees they will remain unused in the soil, so washed away into rivers and lakes (leaching)
  • loss of soil nutrient is permanent makes it difficult to regrow things
29
Q

what is the consequence of flooding?

A
  • without trees the topsoil will be loose and unstable so will be easily washed away by rain increasing the risk of flash flooding and landslides
30
Q

what is the consequence of increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere?

A
  • trees take in carbon dioxide
  • removes significant numbers of trees, less CO2 being removed
  • when areas are cleared, trees are burned which releases carbon dioxide
31
Q

what is the consequence of disturbance of the water cycle?

A
  • when trees are grouped together the water released by transpiration leads to clouds and rainfall, so cutting them areas become drier due to less rainfall
32
Q

what is a population?

A

a group of organisms of one species, living in the same area at the same time

33
Q

what is a community?

A

multiple populations living and interacting in the same area

34
Q

what is a habitat

A

a place where an organism lives

35
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

interaction between the community and the non living or abiotic parts of the environment

z - biology (21 decks)

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