P1 2h transport in plants Flashcards

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1
Q

what are exchange surfaces in plants?

A

roots and root hairs

and leaves

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2
Q

what are exchange surfaces in animals?

A

Alveoli and lungs

small intestines and villi

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3
Q

what are transport system in plants?

A

xylem - moves water and mineral ions

phloem - moves sugars and amino acids

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4
Q

what are transport systems in animals?

A

blood and circulatory system

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5
Q

what is the xylem?

A

vessels that transport water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves

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6
Q

what is the xylem made out of?

A

composed of dead cells which form hollow tubes

- strengthen by lignin

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7
Q

what is the phloem?

A

vessels that transport food materials made by the plant

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8
Q

what is the phloem made out of?

A

living cells and are not hollow

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9
Q

what does the phloem transport?

A

amino acids and sucrose

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10
Q

which way does the phloem go?

A

it can travel both ways

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11
Q

which way does the xylem travel?

A

from roots to leaves

bottom to top

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12
Q

where is the phloem in a diagram?

A

on the outside (on a cross section diagram)

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13
Q

what are root hair cells?

A

single-celled extensions of epidermis cells in the root

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14
Q

what are root hair cells function?

A

increase surface area to volume ratio, which increases rate of absorption of mineral ions

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15
Q

how does water move into the root hair cell?

A

the cytoplasm has a low water potential so it moves into the root hair cell by osmosis

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16
Q

how does root hair cells take in mineral ions?

A

active transport

17
Q

how does water move through the plant?

A
  • water move into the root hair cells
  • through the root cortex and into the xylem vessels
  • then its carried up to the leaves to enter the mesophyll cells

root hair cell - root cortex cells - xylem - leaf mesophyll cells

18
Q

how do you investigate the pathway of water into and across a root?

A

by placing a plant like celery into a beaker of water with food colouring
- after a few hours cut the stem and find that certain parts of the celery is stained (only the xylem vessels)

19
Q

what is transpiration?

A

the loss of water vapour from the parts of the plant that are above ground level

20
Q

how does transpiration happen in plants?

A
  • evaporation of water molecules from the surface of the mesophyll cells to air space
  • diffusion of water vapour out of stomata (when there is a concentration gradient)
21
Q

What is the effect of transpiration?

A

due to transpiration the water in the xylem creates a continuous unbroken column of molecules
- it pulls the water into the xylem vessels

22
Q

what happens if that rate of transpiration increases?

A

if rate of transpiration from the leaves increase, water molecules are pulled up the xylem quicker

23
Q

what is the function of transpiration?

A
  • transporting mineral ions
  • providing water to keep cells turgid
  • providing water to leaf cells
  • keeping leaves cool
24
Q

what are the factors effecting transpiration?

A

air movement
humidity
light intensity
temperature

25
Q

how does air movement effect transpiration?

A

good airflow removes water vapour from air, setting up a concentration gradient

26
Q

how does humidity effect transpiration?

A

when it is very humid the air has a lot of water vapour, which makes the concentration gradient weaker

27
Q

how does light intensity effect transpiration?

A

guard cells are open in high light intensity, stomata are open and water can be lost

28
Q

how does temperature effect transpiration?

A

higher temps, particles have more kinetic energy, water molecules evaporate faster