P2 2h transport in plants Flashcards
what are tropisms?
responses to help make sure they grow toward light and water sources
what is it called when a shoot grows toward light?
positive tropism
what is it called when a root grows away from light?
negative phototropism
what is it called when a shoot grows against gravity?
negative geotropism/gravitropism
what is it called when a root grows with gravity?
positive geotropism/gravitropism
what does the xylem do?
- transports water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots, through the stem and to the leaves
- provides support for the plant, helping to keep its structure
what does the phloem do?
- transporting sucrose
- transporting amino acids
what is the pathway of water?
when water travels through a plant from its roots, up its stem and to its leaves, where it then evaporates into the air
what is the root hair cell function?
found on the surface of plant roots
- they absorb water and ions from the soil
- larger surface area increases rate of absorption
step by step pathway of water
- water moves into the root
- goes through root hair cell and root cortex cell
- water is pulled up by the xylem
- water enters the leaf cells
- evaporates into the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll layer
- diffuses out of the leaf through stomata
pathway of water investigation
stick celery in water that has dye in it, take it out after an hour and cut
what is transpiration?
loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation
- at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapour through the stomata
what are the factors that affect the rate of transpiration?
- temperature
- dry/conditions
- windy conditions
- light intensity
how does temp affect the rate of transpiration?
how do dry conditions affect the rate of transpiration?
evaporation takes place more quickly in dry condition than it does in humid conditions
how do windy conditions affect the rate of transpiration?
wind removes water vapour, which allows for more water to evaporate
how does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration?
high light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis
why do plants need translocation?
so the sugar they produce in the leaves can be shared around the plant
where does translocation happen?
phloem tubes
which way does the phloem tube transport the cell sap?
the phloem can transport the water and sugar mixture both ways
how does the phloem move cell sap up and down the plant?
active transport
what is the source in translocation?
the leaves, or where the sucrose is made
what are the sinks in translocation
where the sugar is transported, then it can be put into storage or can be used in respiration or growth
