LM 2a & 2b cells Flashcards
what is the basic unit of life?
a cell
what cell do plants have, containing chlorophyll, which absorbs energy from sunlight for conversion to chemical energy in photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
what is an organelle?
a cell structure that has a specific job
what are tissues?
a group similar cells that preform the same function
what is an organ?
A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body
what is an organ system?
group of organs coming together as a whole to accomplish a goal
what is an organism?
An individual living thing.
what is the control centre of the cell?
the nucleus (contains DNA)
where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?
cytoplasm because it contains enzymes
what is a cell membrane?
A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
what is a cell wall?
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.
where does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)
what is chlorophyll?
The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis, site of photosynthesis
what part of the cell stores water/cell sap?
vacuole
what do ribsomes make?
they make protein by bonding amino acids, they are normally free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
what structures do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?
- vacuoles
- cell wall
- chloroplasts
where are epithelial ciliated cells found?
lining of body cavities
where are root hair cells found?
plant roots
where are palisade cells found?
leaf cells in many plants
where are nerve cells found?
nerves, spinal column and brains of animals
where are red blood cells found?
blood of animals
where are sperm found?
male gamete (sex cell)
where are ovum (eggs) found?
female gamete (sex cell)
what are the main uses and functions of epithelial ciliated cells?
selective absorption
- cilia; special hair-like structures that catch particles.
- Long and thin, so many can fit together.
what are the main uses and functions of palisade cells?
Photosynthesis
- Large surface areas to absorb lots of sunlight.
- Many chloroplasts to help photosynthesis using the sunlight.
what are the main uses and functions of root hair cells?
Absorbing water from the soil
- Between 15-17micrometers in diameter.
- Big surface areas to absorb water and minerals.
- Lots of mitochondria to produce energy.
- Long tubular shape.
what are the main uses and functions of nerve cells?
Transmitting electric signals.
- Long and thin.
- Myolin sheaths.
- Axon, which conducts the electronic signal.
- Dendrites to pick up signals from other cells.
what are the main uses and functions of red blood cells?
Carrying oxygen around the body.
- Disc shaped, with a large surface area to absorb oxygen.
- Red due to the haemoglobin molecule.
- Small to flow through fine blood vessels.
what are the main uses and functions of sperm?
Haploid cell which carries genetic information to fertilise the female sex cell.
- Tail for propulsion.
- Streamlined.
- Tip to break through the ova walls.
what are the main uses and functions of the ovum?
Haploid cell which holds genetic information to be fertilised by the male sex cell.
- large and round and soft.
- Easy to penetrate by the sperm.
how do you calculate magnification equation?
magnification = image (drawing) size / actual size
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what are the levels of organisation in the human body?
organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system
why is it important to have cell differentiation?
it creates different structures in your body, and it allows for many structures to exist and function properly
what are the positives of medicinal stem cell use?
- may cure diseases
this is because stem cells can turn into any type of cell after producing clones
what is cell differentiation?
process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
what are the negatives of medicinal stem cell use?
using human embryos, some argue that it is a potential human life
- embryos used in research are normally unwanted ones from fertility clinics
