LM 2a & 2b cells

Question 1

what is the basic unit of life?

Answer 1

a cell

Question 2

what cell do plants have, containing chlorophyll, which absorbs energy from sunlight for conversion to chemical energy in photosynthesis?

Answer 2

chloroplasts

Question 3

what is an organelle?

Answer 3

a cell structure that has a specific job

Question 4

what are tissues?

Answer 4

a group similar cells that preform the same function

Question 5

what is an organ?

Answer 5

A collection of tissues that carry out a specialised function of the body

Question 6

what is an organ system?

Answer 6

group of organs coming together as a whole to accomplish a goal

Question 7

what is an organism?

Answer 7

An individual living thing.

Question 8

what is the control centre of the cell?

Answer 8

the nucleus (contains DNA)

Question 9

where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?

Answer 9

cytoplasm because it contains enzymes

Question 10

what is a cell membrane?

Answer 10

A thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 11

what is a cell wall?

Answer 11

a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.

Question 12

where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 12

Mitochondria (powerhouse of the cell)

Question 13

what is chlorophyll?

Answer 13

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis, site of photosynthesis

Question 14

what part of the cell stores water/cell sap?

Answer 14

vacuole

Question 15

what do ribsomes make?

Answer 15

they make protein by bonding amino acids, they are normally free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

what structures do plant cells contain that animal cells do not?

Answer 16

• vacuoles
• cell wall
• chloroplasts

Question 17

where are epithelial ciliated cells found?

Answer 17

lining of body cavities

Question 18

where are root hair cells found?

Answer 18

plant roots

Question 19

where are palisade cells found?

Answer 19

leaf cells in many plants

Question 20

where are nerve cells found?

Answer 20

nerves, spinal column and brains of animals

Question 21

where are red blood cells found?

Answer 21

blood of animals

Question 22

where are sperm found?

Answer 22

male gamete (sex cell)

Question 23

where are ovum (eggs) found?

Answer 23

female gamete (sex cell)

Question 24

what are the main uses and functions of epithelial ciliated cells?

Answer 24

selective absorption

• cilia; special hair-like structures that catch particles.
  
  • Long and thin, so many can fit together.

Question 25

what are the main uses and functions of palisade cells?

Answer 25

Photosynthesis

• Large surface areas to absorb lots of sunlight.
• Many chloroplasts to help photosynthesis using the sunlight.

Question 26

what are the main uses and functions of root hair cells?

Answer 26

Absorbing water from the soil

• Between 15-17micrometers in diameter.
• Big surface areas to absorb water and minerals.
• Lots of mitochondria to produce energy.
• Long tubular shape.

Question 27

what are the main uses and functions of nerve cells?

Answer 27

Transmitting electric signals.

• Long and thin.
• Myolin sheaths.
• Axon, which conducts the electronic signal.
• Dendrites to pick up signals from other cells.

Question 28

what are the main uses and functions of red blood cells?

Answer 28

Carrying oxygen around the body.

• Disc shaped, with a large surface area to absorb oxygen.
• Red due to the haemoglobin molecule.
• Small to flow through fine blood vessels.

Question 29

what are the main uses and functions of sperm?

Answer 29

Haploid cell which carries genetic information to fertilise the female sex cell.

• Tail for propulsion.
• Streamlined.
• Tip to break through the ova walls.

Question 30

what are the main uses and functions of the ovum?

Answer 30

Haploid cell which holds genetic information to be fertilised by the male sex cell.

• large and round and soft.
• Easy to penetrate by the sperm.

Question 31

how do you calculate magnification equation?

Answer 31

magnification = image (drawing) size / actual size
I
A M

Question 32

what are the levels of organisation in the human body?

Answer 32

organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ system

Question 33

why is it important to have cell differentiation?

Answer 33

it creates different structures in your body, and it allows for many structures to exist and function properly

Question 34

what are the positives of medicinal stem cell use?

Answer 34

• may cure diseases

this is because stem cells can turn into any type of cell after producing clones

Question 35

what is cell differentiation?

Answer 35

process in which a cell changes to become specialised for its job

Question 36

what are the negatives of medicinal stem cell use?

Answer 36

using human embryos, some argue that it is a potential human life
- embryos used in research are normally unwanted ones from fertility clinics