(P) L4.1: Evolution of MT (Module-based) Flashcards
Whose definition of MT is this?
“Application of principles of NATURAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT of diseases”
Heinemann
Whose definition of MT is this?
“BRANCH OF MEDICINE concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analysis used in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and maintenance of health”
Anne Fagelson
Laboratory determinations and analysis are performed by MTs where?
Clinical Laboratories
T or F: MTs must have acquired adequate abstract knowledge, attitude, and skills
False (scientific knowledge)
Which law defines MT like this?
“An AUXILIARY BRANCH OF LABORATORY MEDICINE which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical procedures which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general”
Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 (RA 5527; Sec. 1)
History of MT (people):
- traced the beginning of MT back to 1500 BC when intestinal parasites (e.g Taenia and Ascaris) were mentioned in Ebers Papyrus
Vivian Herrick
What are the 2 intestinal parasites that Vivian Herrick traced back to 1500 BC?
Taenia and Ascaris
This is a book for treatment of diseases which contains descriptions of the 3 stages of hookworm infection
Ebers Papyrus
When did Vivian Herrick trace back intestinal parasites?
1500 BC
History of MT (people):
- believed that MT began from the Medieval Period (1096-1438) and supported the fad of urinalysis back then
Ruth Williams
These doctors made the scientific observation that urine has a sweetish taste that attracted ants
Early Hindu Doctors
These people reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the appearance of urine
Quacks
History of MT (people):
- dates the profession from the 14th century when an Italian physician at the University of Bologna employed Alessandra Giliani to perform MT-related tasks
Anne Fagelson
Who got employed by an Italian physician in the University of Bologna that unfortunately died due to a laboratory-acquired infection?
Alessandra Giliani
History of MT (people):
- invented and improved the compound microscope
- first one to describe RBCs, see protozoa, and classify bacteria acc. to shape
Leewenhoek
Leewenhoek was the first person to describe?
RBCs
Leewenhoek was the first person to see?
Protozoa
Leewenhoek was the first person to classify what according to shape?
Bacteria
History of MT (people):
- the greatest of the early microscopists
- worked in embryology and anatomy
- known as the FOUNDER OF PATHOLOGY
Malphigi
In what departments did Malphigi work in?
Embryology and Anatomy
History of MT (people):
- many believed that pathology was only practiced during his time
- one of the youngest medical specialists ever
- founded the Archives of Pathology in Berlin 1847
Rudolph Virchow
What archive did Rudolph Virchow founded and where?
Archives of Pathology in Berlin (1847)
Laboratory tests moved from _____ to ______ in nature
Qualitative to Quantitative
In 1848, this person performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar
Fehling
These are used for staining microorganisms and were produced in the middle of the 15th century
Aniline Dyes
The rapid advancement of chemistry laid the ground work for the development of modern ______ _______
Clinical Chemistry
What countries did the “new science” became known?
Note: There are 6
- Germany
- Greece
- Japan
- Turkey
- England
- US
Where was the “new science” developed to a high level due to this country’s financial capability, manpower, and interest?
USA
Where was the “First Chemical Laboratory in the US” established?
University of Michigan
Who pioneered laboratory instruction in the First Chemical Laboratory in the US?
Dr. Douglas
This doctor established a training laboratory at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College
Dr. William H. Welch
Dr. William H. Welch gave the first ever laboratory course in pathology in this training laboratory
Bellevue Hospital Medical College
Dr. William H. Welch became the first professor of pathology in this university
John Hopkins University
Who became the first professor of pathology in John Hopkins University?
Dr. William H. Welch
This was the first CLINICAL LABORATORY in the US; it was a fully-equipped facility for performing routine laboratory work as well as research
William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine
Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- contained laboratories for microscopic, chemical, and bacteriological investigations
1st Floor
Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- contained a laboratory for anthropometry (physical measures of a person’s size) and the Director’s Office
2nd Floor
Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- had a laboratory for post-graduate students
3rd Floor
Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- housed a library, conference room, and another laboratory
4th Floor
Who was appointed as the first Director of the William Pepper Laboratory that bore his father’s name?
William Pepper JR.
He wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”
Dr. James C. Todd
The title “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” was retitled as?
“Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods”
(6th Edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Sanford)
This book by Dr. Todd became the standard reference for laboratories
Old name: “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”
Revision: “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods”
In the 1919 consensus, how many male technicians were employed in the US?
100
The 100 male technicians in the US increased to what number in 1920?
3500
In 1922, how many hospitals in the US had clinical laboratories?
3035
The state legislature of this state enacted the following law: “Requiring all hospitals and institutions to have an adequate laboratory and employ a full time laboratory technician”
Pennsylvania
This event was an important factor in the growth of clinical laboratories and produced a great demand for technicians
WWI
Who taught their assistants to do laboratory tests for them?
Physicians with knowledge on laboratory work
This was one of the first schools for training laboratory workers established
University of Minnesota
This school was the first to offer a degree level program believed to be in 1923
University of Minnesota
What was the course bulletin title in the University of Minnesota?
“Courses in MT for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians”
This event increased the demand for blood transfusion on wounded soldiers; instrumentation was advanced and these made the measurement of color intensity production possible
WWII
This event led to the development of automated equipment and quality control programs
WWII
Laboratory medicine moved to an era of _________ during the WWII
Sophistication
What was the first portion of the clinical laboratory to develop?
Pathology
What was the second portion of the clinical laboratory to develop after pathology?
Clinical Microscopy (urinalysis)
What was added to clinical laboratory practice after the development of clinical microscopy?
Studies of blood cells, physiological chemistry, and bacteriology
At the end of this event, MT was introduced to the PH
WWII
MT was introduced to the PH by what organization?
26th Medical Infantry of the 6th US Army
Where was the first clinical laboratory in the PH?
Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila
Who established the first clinical laboratory in the PH?
26th Medical Infantry of the 6th US Army
Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila is home to what laboratory?
Manila Public Health Laboratory
The Manila Public Health Laboratory offered training programs to who as early as Feb. 1944?
HS Graduates
When did the Manila Public Health Laboratory offer training programs to HS graduates?
Feb. 1944
When did the US Army leave the Manila Public Health Laboratory?
June 1943
To whom did the US Army endorse the Manila Public Health Laboratory?
National Dept. of Health
The National Dept. of Health rendered the Manila Public Health Laboratory as what?
Non-functional
He was a former staff of the Manila Public Health Laboratory and formally organized it from its remnants
Dr. Pio de Roda
Dr. de Roda was assisted by who in October 1, 1945?
Dr. Mariano Icasiano
Who was the then Manila City Health Officer who helped revive the Manila Public Health Laboratory alongside Dr. Pio de Roda?
Dr. Mariano Icasiano
The training of HS graduates to work as MTs was revived by which 2 individuals?
Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
T or F: There was a definite training period set by Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana in 1947
False (not yet during this year)
T or F: Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana gave out certificates to HS graduate trainees in 1947
False (not yet during this year)
How many months did Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana’s training last?
6 months
T or F: Certificates are given to trainees upon completing the 5-month training program
False (certificates were only issued to those who complete 6 months)
Who prepared the syllabus for the MT training program in the PH?
Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana
Where was the first BS program in MT offered in the PH?
Note: 2 places
- Philippine Union College
- Manila Sanitarium
This was where the first school of MT in the PH was opened
Manila Sanitarium and Hospital
The Manila Sanitarium and Hospital was under whose leadership?
Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick
Who was Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick’s husband who worked in mission service in the PH?
Dr. Elvin Hedrick
What was the religion of both Mr. and Mrs. Hedrick?
Adventists
How many years did Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick set for the MT degree?
5 years
She is regarded as the FOUNDER of MT Education in the PH
Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick
The Manila Sanitarium and Hospital course for MT was later on absorbed by?
Philippine Union College
What is the current name of the then Philippine Union College?
Adventist University of the PH
T or F: The Philippine Union College completely absorbed both MT education and clinical laboratory work from the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital
False (the MSH was left alone for its clinical division; only the course was absorbed)
After how many years did PUC produce their first graduate after it absorbed the course from MSH?
2 years
Who was the first graduate of MT in PUC?
Dr. Jesse Umali
Dr. Jesse Umali studied medicine and specialized in?
OB-Gynecology
Which 2 doctors offered BS MT as an elective to 4th and 5th year pharmacy students in UST?
Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes
Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy offered what elective course to BS Pharmacy students of UST?
BS MT
Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy offered BS MT as an elective to who?
4th and 5th year BS Pharmacy students of UST
T or F: Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy offered BS MT in UST as a regular course for their BS Pharmacy students
False (not regular, only elective)
Who in UST offered MT as a regular course due to its popularity among Pharmacy students?
Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez
It was in June 17, 1957 when a temporary permit was issued by what department to allow students to take MT for 1st to 3rd year?
DepEd
When was a temporary permit issued by the DepEd to allow students to take MT for 1st to 3rd year?
June 17, 1957
When was the permit for the MT Internship Program issued in the PH?
June of 1960
When was the full recognition of BS MT as a 4-year course given?
June 14, 1961
Acc. to the reports of DepEd, Culture and Sports, and CHED, how many colleges and universities offer the MT course?
47 (approx.)
What course does UPM offer that is similar to BS MT?
BS Public Health
What 3 universities offer a Master’s Degree in MT?
- UST Graduate School
- Philippine Women’s University
- Manila Central University
UP offers how many years for their non-thesis degree in Masters in Public Health?
1 year only
This is a national organization of all registered MTs in the PH
Give the FULL NAME, hindi lang acronym gago ka
Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET)
PAMET was organized by this person dubbed as the Father of PAMET
Mr. Crisanto Almario
When was the attempt to standardize and give dignity to MT done at the Manila Public Health Laboratory?
September 15, 1963
When was the first national convention of PAMET held?
September 20, 1964
Where was the first national convention of PAMET held?
FEU
This is the national organization of all registered schools of MT in the PH
Give the FULL NAME, hindi lang acronym gago ka
Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health (PASMETH)
This was formed in 1970 by the representatives of schools of MT in the PH
Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health (PASMETH)
What are the 4 key desires of PASMETH:
(kahit keywords nalang)
- TO ENCOURAGE A THOROUGH STUDY of the needs and problems of MT education
- TO WORK FOR THE ENHANCEMENT AND CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT of MT education
- TO TAKE A UNITED STAND in matters affecting MT education
- TO SEEK ADVICE, AID, AND ASSISTANCE from the government or private entities
In May 13, 1974, who was the director of PASMETH?
Narciso Albarracin
In May 13, 1974, who did Director Narciso Albarracin appoint to organize an association of deans/heads of MT and Hygiene schools?
Note: there’s 2 of them
Dr. Serafin J. Juliano and Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes
The first organizational meeting of PASMETH was held where?
UST
When was the first organizational meeting of PASMETH held?
June 22, 1970
Who was the first president of PASMETH?
Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes
The first annual meeting of PASMETH was held where?
UST
When was the first annual meeting of PASMETH held?
May 7, 1971
When were the first set of PASMETH officers re-elected for second term?
April 30, 1972
On Oct. 6, 1985, PASMETH was finally registered with what commission?
Securities and Exchange Commission
The PASMETH registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission was through what committee?
Committee on Legislation
Who was the chairman of the Committee on Legislation during the registration of PASMETH?
Mr. Cirilo S. Cajucom
Who was the legal counsel that aided the registration of PASMETH to the Securities and Exchange Commission?
Atty. Dexter Bihis
How many presidents does the PAMET have over the years?
17
In what year did PAMET hold its first election?
1964 (year of establishment)
PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes CONTINUOUS involvement where practice and education must always be integrated
Circle
PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the TRILOGY of love, respect, and integrity
Triangle
What does the trilogy of the PAMET seal stand for?
Love, respect, and integrity
PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the SCIENCE of the MT profession
Microscope and Snake
PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the color of health
Green
PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the year of the first PAMET election
1964
PASMETH seal:
> this symbolizes the CONTINUITY of learning and the never-ending quest for excellence in the academe
Circle
PASMETH seal:
> this symbolizes the 4 objectives/desires of the association
Diamond
PASMETH seal:
> this symbolizes the field of MT and Public Health
Microscope
Known as the Father of Medicine and attributed all diseases to disorders of body fluids known as humors
Hippocrates
What are the 4 body humors acc. to Hippocrates?
Blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, and Yellow Bile
Blood as a body humor represented what element?
Earth
Blood as a body humor represented what organ?
Brain
Phlegm as a body humor represented what element?
Air
Phlegm as a body humor represented what organ?
Lungs
Black bile as a body humor represented what element?
Fire
Black bile as a body humor represented what organ?
Spleen
Yellow bile as a body humor represented what element?
Water
Yellow bile as a body humor represented what organ?
Gall Bladder
The oldest known test on urine was known as what?
Water casting (uroscopy)
