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MTLBE > (P) L4.1: Evolution of MT (Module-based) > Flashcards

(P) L4.1: Evolution of MT (Module-based) Flashcards

1
Q

Whose definition of MT is this?

“Application of principles of NATURAL, PHYSICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL sciences to the performance of laboratory procedures which aid in the DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT of diseases”

A

Heinemann

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2
Q

Whose definition of MT is this?

“BRANCH OF MEDICINE concerned with the performance of laboratory determinations and analysis used in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and maintenance of health”

A

Anne Fagelson

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3
Q

Laboratory determinations and analysis are performed by MTs where?

A

Clinical Laboratories

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4
Q

T or F: MTs must have acquired adequate abstract knowledge, attitude, and skills

A

False (scientific knowledge)

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5
Q

Which law defines MT like this?

“An AUXILIARY BRANCH OF LABORATORY MEDICINE which deals with the examination by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical procedures which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in general”

A

Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 (RA 5527; Sec. 1)

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6
Q

History of MT (people):
- traced the beginning of MT back to 1500 BC when intestinal parasites (e.g Taenia and Ascaris) were mentioned in Ebers Papyrus

A

Vivian Herrick

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7
Q

What are the 2 intestinal parasites that Vivian Herrick traced back to 1500 BC?

A

Taenia and Ascaris

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8
Q

This is a book for treatment of diseases which contains descriptions of the 3 stages of hookworm infection

A

Ebers Papyrus

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9
Q

When did Vivian Herrick trace back intestinal parasites?

A

1500 BC

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10
Q

History of MT (people):
- believed that MT began from the Medieval Period (1096-1438) and supported the fad of urinalysis back then

A

Ruth Williams

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11
Q

These doctors made the scientific observation that urine has a sweetish taste that attracted ants

A

Early Hindu Doctors

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12
Q

These people reaped fortunes from diagnosing diseases by the appearance of urine

A

Quacks

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13
Q

History of MT (people):
- dates the profession from the 14th century when an Italian physician at the University of Bologna employed Alessandra Giliani to perform MT-related tasks

A

Anne Fagelson

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14
Q

Who got employed by an Italian physician in the University of Bologna that unfortunately died due to a laboratory-acquired infection?

A

Alessandra Giliani

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15
Q

History of MT (people):
- invented and improved the compound microscope
- first one to describe RBCs, see protozoa, and classify bacteria acc. to shape

A

Leewenhoek

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16
Q

Leewenhoek was the first person to describe?

A

RBCs

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17
Q

Leewenhoek was the first person to see?

A

Protozoa

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18
Q

Leewenhoek was the first person to classify what according to shape?

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

History of MT (people):
- the greatest of the early microscopists
- worked in embryology and anatomy
- known as the FOUNDER OF PATHOLOGY

A

Malphigi

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20
Q

In what departments did Malphigi work in?

A

Embryology and Anatomy

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21
Q

History of MT (people):
- many believed that pathology was only practiced during his time
- one of the youngest medical specialists ever
- founded the Archives of Pathology in Berlin 1847

A

Rudolph Virchow

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22
Q

What archive did Rudolph Virchow founded and where?

A

Archives of Pathology in Berlin (1847)

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23
Q

Laboratory tests moved from _____ to ______ in nature

A

Qualitative to Quantitative

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24
Q

In 1848, this person performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar

A

Fehling

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25
Q

These are used for staining microorganisms and were produced in the middle of the 15th century

A

Aniline Dyes

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26
Q

The rapid advancement of chemistry laid the ground work for the development of modern ______ _______

A

Clinical Chemistry

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27
Q

What countries did the “new science” became known?

Note: There are 6

A
  1. Germany
  2. Greece
  3. Japan
  4. Turkey
  5. England
  6. US
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28
Q

Where was the “new science” developed to a high level due to this country’s financial capability, manpower, and interest?

A

USA

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29
Q

Where was the “First Chemical Laboratory in the US” established?

A

University of Michigan

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30
Q

Who pioneered laboratory instruction in the First Chemical Laboratory in the US?

A

Dr. Douglas

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31
Q

This doctor established a training laboratory at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College

A

Dr. William H. Welch

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32
Q

Dr. William H. Welch gave the first ever laboratory course in pathology in this training laboratory

A

Bellevue Hospital Medical College

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33
Q

Dr. William H. Welch became the first professor of pathology in this university

A

John Hopkins University

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34
Q

Who became the first professor of pathology in John Hopkins University?

A

Dr. William H. Welch

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35
Q

This was the first CLINICAL LABORATORY in the US; it was a fully-equipped facility for performing routine laboratory work as well as research

A

William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine

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36
Q

Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- contained laboratories for microscopic, chemical, and bacteriological investigations

A

1st Floor

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37
Q

Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- contained a laboratory for anthropometry (physical measures of a person’s size) and the Director’s Office

A

2nd Floor

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38
Q

Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- had a laboratory for post-graduate students

A

3rd Floor

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39
Q

Floors of the William Pepper Laboratory:
- housed a library, conference room, and another laboratory

A

4th Floor

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40
Q

Who was appointed as the first Director of the William Pepper Laboratory that bore his father’s name?

A

William Pepper JR.

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41
Q

He wrote “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”

A

Dr. James C. Todd

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42
Q

The title “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis” was retitled as?

A

“Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods”

(6th Edition by Dr. Todd and Dr. Sanford)

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43
Q

This book by Dr. Todd became the standard reference for laboratories

A

Old name: “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”

Revision: “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods”

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44
Q

In the 1919 consensus, how many male technicians were employed in the US?

A

100

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45
Q

The 100 male technicians in the US increased to what number in 1920?

A

3500

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46
Q

In 1922, how many hospitals in the US had clinical laboratories?

A

3035

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47
Q

The state legislature of this state enacted the following law: “Requiring all hospitals and institutions to have an adequate laboratory and employ a full time laboratory technician”

A

Pennsylvania

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48
Q

This event was an important factor in the growth of clinical laboratories and produced a great demand for technicians

A

WWI

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49
Q

Who taught their assistants to do laboratory tests for them?

A

Physicians with knowledge on laboratory work

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50
Q

This was one of the first schools for training laboratory workers established

A

University of Minnesota

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51
Q

This school was the first to offer a degree level program believed to be in 1923

A

University of Minnesota

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52
Q

What was the course bulletin title in the University of Minnesota?

A

“Courses in MT for Clinical and Laboratory Technicians”

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53
Q

This event increased the demand for blood transfusion on wounded soldiers; instrumentation was advanced and these made the measurement of color intensity production possible

A

WWII

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54
Q

This event led to the development of automated equipment and quality control programs

A

WWII

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55
Q

Laboratory medicine moved to an era of _________ during the WWII

A

Sophistication

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56
Q

What was the first portion of the clinical laboratory to develop?

A

Pathology

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57
Q

What was the second portion of the clinical laboratory to develop after pathology?

A

Clinical Microscopy (urinalysis)

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58
Q

What was added to clinical laboratory practice after the development of clinical microscopy?

A

Studies of blood cells, physiological chemistry, and bacteriology

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59
Q

At the end of this event, MT was introduced to the PH

A

WWII

60
Q

MT was introduced to the PH by what organization?

A

26th Medical Infantry of the 6th US Army

61
Q

Where was the first clinical laboratory in the PH?

A

Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila

62
Q

Who established the first clinical laboratory in the PH?

A

26th Medical Infantry of the 6th US Army

63
Q

Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila is home to what laboratory?

A

Manila Public Health Laboratory

64
Q

The Manila Public Health Laboratory offered training programs to who as early as Feb. 1944?

A

HS Graduates

65
Q

When did the Manila Public Health Laboratory offer training programs to HS graduates?

A

Feb. 1944

66
Q

When did the US Army leave the Manila Public Health Laboratory?

A

June 1943

67
Q

To whom did the US Army endorse the Manila Public Health Laboratory?

A

National Dept. of Health

68
Q

The National Dept. of Health rendered the Manila Public Health Laboratory as what?

A

Non-functional

69
Q

He was a former staff of the Manila Public Health Laboratory and formally organized it from its remnants

A

Dr. Pio de Roda

70
Q

Dr. de Roda was assisted by who in October 1, 1945?

A

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

71
Q

Who was the then Manila City Health Officer who helped revive the Manila Public Health Laboratory alongside Dr. Pio de Roda?

A

Dr. Mariano Icasiano

72
Q

The training of HS graduates to work as MTs was revived by which 2 individuals?

A

Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana

73
Q

T or F: There was a definite training period set by Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana in 1947

A

False (not yet during this year)

74
Q

T or F: Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana gave out certificates to HS graduate trainees in 1947

A

False (not yet during this year)

75
Q

How many months did Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana’s training last?

A

6 months

76
Q

T or F: Certificates are given to trainees upon completing the 5-month training program

A

False (certificates were only issued to those who complete 6 months)

77
Q

Who prepared the syllabus for the MT training program in the PH?

A

Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana

78
Q

Where was the first BS program in MT offered in the PH?

Note: 2 places

A
  1. Philippine Union College
  2. Manila Sanitarium
79
Q

This was where the first school of MT in the PH was opened

A

Manila Sanitarium and Hospital

80
Q

The Manila Sanitarium and Hospital was under whose leadership?

A

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick

81
Q

Who was Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick’s husband who worked in mission service in the PH?

A

Dr. Elvin Hedrick

82
Q

What was the religion of both Mr. and Mrs. Hedrick?

A

Adventists

83
Q

How many years did Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick set for the MT degree?

A

5 years

84
Q

She is regarded as the FOUNDER of MT Education in the PH

A

Mrs. Willa Hilgert-Hedrick

85
Q

The Manila Sanitarium and Hospital course for MT was later on absorbed by?

A

Philippine Union College

86
Q

What is the current name of the then Philippine Union College?

A

Adventist University of the PH

87
Q

T or F: The Philippine Union College completely absorbed both MT education and clinical laboratory work from the Manila Sanitarium and Hospital

A

False (the MSH was left alone for its clinical division; only the course was absorbed)

88
Q

After how many years did PUC produce their first graduate after it absorbed the course from MSH?

A

2 years

89
Q

Who was the first graduate of MT in PUC?

A

Dr. Jesse Umali

90
Q

Dr. Jesse Umali studied medicine and specialized in?

A

OB-Gynecology

91
Q

Which 2 doctors offered BS MT as an elective to 4th and 5th year pharmacy students in UST?

A

Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes

92
Q

Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy offered what elective course to BS Pharmacy students of UST?

A

BS MT

93
Q

Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy offered BS MT as an elective to who?

A

4th and 5th year BS Pharmacy students of UST

94
Q

T or F: Dr. Antonio Gabriel and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the Faculty of Pharmacy offered BS MT in UST as a regular course for their BS Pharmacy students

A

False (not regular, only elective)

95
Q

Who in UST offered MT as a regular course due to its popularity among Pharmacy students?

A

Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Rodriguez

96
Q

It was in June 17, 1957 when a temporary permit was issued by what department to allow students to take MT for 1st to 3rd year?

A

DepEd

97
Q

When was a temporary permit issued by the DepEd to allow students to take MT for 1st to 3rd year?

A

June 17, 1957

98
Q

When was the permit for the MT Internship Program issued in the PH?

A

June of 1960

99
Q

When was the full recognition of BS MT as a 4-year course given?

A

June 14, 1961

100
Q

Acc. to the reports of DepEd, Culture and Sports, and CHED, how many colleges and universities offer the MT course?

A

47 (approx.)

101
Q

What course does UPM offer that is similar to BS MT?

A

BS Public Health

102
Q

What 3 universities offer a Master’s Degree in MT?

A
  1. UST Graduate School
  2. Philippine Women’s University
  3. Manila Central University
103
Q

UP offers how many years for their non-thesis degree in Masters in Public Health?

A

1 year only

104
Q

This is a national organization of all registered MTs in the PH

Give the FULL NAME, hindi lang acronym gago ka

A

Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET)

105
Q

PAMET was organized by this person dubbed as the Father of PAMET

A

Mr. Crisanto Almario

106
Q

When was the attempt to standardize and give dignity to MT done at the Manila Public Health Laboratory?

A

September 15, 1963

107
Q

When was the first national convention of PAMET held?

A

September 20, 1964

108
Q

Where was the first national convention of PAMET held?

A

FEU

109
Q

This is the national organization of all registered schools of MT in the PH

Give the FULL NAME, hindi lang acronym gago ka

A

Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health (PASMETH)

110
Q

This was formed in 1970 by the representatives of schools of MT in the PH

A

Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health (PASMETH)

111
Q

What are the 4 key desires of PASMETH:

(kahit keywords nalang)

A
  1. TO ENCOURAGE A THOROUGH STUDY of the needs and problems of MT education
  2. TO WORK FOR THE ENHANCEMENT AND CONTINUOUS DEVELOPMENT of MT education
  3. TO TAKE A UNITED STAND in matters affecting MT education
  4. TO SEEK ADVICE, AID, AND ASSISTANCE from the government or private entities
112
Q

In May 13, 1974, who was the director of PASMETH?

A

Narciso Albarracin

113
Q

In May 13, 1974, who did Director Narciso Albarracin appoint to organize an association of deans/heads of MT and Hygiene schools?

Note: there’s 2 of them

A

Dr. Serafin J. Juliano and Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes

114
Q

The first organizational meeting of PASMETH was held where?

A

UST

115
Q

When was the first organizational meeting of PASMETH held?

A

June 22, 1970

116
Q

Who was the first president of PASMETH?

A

Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes

117
Q

The first annual meeting of PASMETH was held where?

A

UST

118
Q

When was the first annual meeting of PASMETH held?

A

May 7, 1971

119
Q

When were the first set of PASMETH officers re-elected for second term?

A

April 30, 1972

120
Q

On Oct. 6, 1985, PASMETH was finally registered with what commission?

A

Securities and Exchange Commission

121
Q

The PASMETH registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission was through what committee?

A

Committee on Legislation

122
Q

Who was the chairman of the Committee on Legislation during the registration of PASMETH?

A

Mr. Cirilo S. Cajucom

123
Q

Who was the legal counsel that aided the registration of PASMETH to the Securities and Exchange Commission?

A

Atty. Dexter Bihis

124
Q

How many presidents does the PAMET have over the years?

A

17

125
Q

In what year did PAMET hold its first election?

A

1964 (year of establishment)

126
Q

PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes CONTINUOUS involvement where practice and education must always be integrated

A

Circle

127
Q

PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the TRILOGY of love, respect, and integrity

A

Triangle

128
Q

What does the trilogy of the PAMET seal stand for?

A

Love, respect, and integrity

129
Q

PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the SCIENCE of the MT profession

A

Microscope and Snake

130
Q

PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the color of health

A

Green

131
Q

PAMET seal:
> this symbolizes the year of the first PAMET election

A

1964

132
Q

PASMETH seal:
> this symbolizes the CONTINUITY of learning and the never-ending quest for excellence in the academe

A

Circle

133
Q

PASMETH seal:
> this symbolizes the 4 objectives/desires of the association

A

Diamond

134
Q

PASMETH seal:
> this symbolizes the field of MT and Public Health

A

Microscope

135
Q

Known as the Father of Medicine and attributed all diseases to disorders of body fluids known as humors

A

Hippocrates

136
Q

What are the 4 body humors acc. to Hippocrates?

A

Blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, and Yellow Bile

137
Q

Blood as a body humor represented what element?

A

Earth

138
Q

Blood as a body humor represented what organ?

A

Brain

139
Q

Phlegm as a body humor represented what element?

A

Air

140
Q

Phlegm as a body humor represented what organ?

A

Lungs

141
Q

Black bile as a body humor represented what element?

A

Fire

142
Q

Black bile as a body humor represented what organ?

A

Spleen

143
Q

Yellow bile as a body humor represented what element?

A

Water

144
Q

Yellow bile as a body humor represented what organ?

A

Gall Bladder

145
Q

The oldest known test on urine was known as what?

A

Water casting (uroscopy)

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