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MTLBE > (F) L1.1: Intro to Bioethics and Professional Ethics (Part 1) > Flashcards

(F) L1.1: Intro to Bioethics and Professional Ethics (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Referred to as the “ethics of life”

A

Bioethics

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2
Q

Etymology of Ethics:
The Greek work which means “characteristic way of living”

A

Ethos

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3
Q

Etymology of Ethics:
The Latin equivalent of ethos

A

Mos/Mores

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4
Q

Etymology of Ethics:
The Latin word/s for “tradition” or “custom”

A

Mos/Mores

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5
Q

One must _____ their actions and ______ their thoughts in order to gain a balance in ethics

A

Analyze actions & Internalize thoughts

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6
Q

Ethics
Man is endowed by nature with a ______ sense

A

Moral

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7
Q

Ethics
Man is self-conscious of his ______ and submits to the study of doing what is good and avoiding what is wrong

A

Dignity

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8
Q

Defined as the science of the morality of human acts, and because actions reflect the motives of the doer

A

Ethics

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9
Q

Ethics is defined as the science of the _______ of human acts

A

Morality

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10
Q

Defined as the study of human motivation and rational behavior

A

Ethics

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11
Q

Ethics is defined as the study of human _________ and rational behavior

A

Motivation

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12
Q

Defined as the study of human motivation and _______ behavior

A

Rational

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13
Q

Defined as the practical science of morality of human conduct

A

Ethics

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14
Q

Ethics is defined as the _______ science of morality of human conduct

A

Practical

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15
Q

Refers to actions performed by man, knowingly and freely

A

Human Acts

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16
Q

These are also called as deliberate, intentional, or voluntary actions

A

Human Acts

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17
Q

These are differentiated from the “acts of man” which are instinctive and involuntary

A

Human Acts

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18
Q

What is the difference between “human acts” and “acts of man”?

A

Human Acts are performed knowingly and freely (deliberate, intentional, or voluntary) while Acts of Man are instinctive and involuntary

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19
Q

This is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good, bad, or indifferent

A

Morality

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20
Q

Morality
Whatever is good is described as ______

A

Moral

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21
Q

Morality
Whatever is bad is described as ______

A

Immoral

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22
Q

Morality
Whatever is indifferent is described as ______

A

Amoral (in between)

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23
Q

This is the quality of human acts whereby it measures up to what it should be as a step towards the objective last end of human action, or fails so to measure up

A

Morality

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24
Q

Morality consists of the relation existing between ______ and ________

A

Human Acts & Norm of Morality Ethics

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25
Q

Refers to the standards of morality

A

Norms

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26
Q

Refers to the standards or norms of ethics in general

A

Morality

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27
Q

These reveal the thoughts and inclinations of a person doing them

A

Human Acts

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28
Q

These are manifestations of one’s character/moral conduct

A

Human Acts

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29
Q

Norms of Morality:
A person with the habit/inclination to do good is said to be _______

A

Virtuous

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30
Q

Norms of Morality:
A person with the habit/inclination to do wrong is said to be _______

A

Vicious

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31
Q

Norms of Morality:
This word came from the word “vices” which describes a person with the habit/inclination to do wrong

A

Vicious

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32
Q

Norms of Morality:
This word came from the word “virtues” which describes a person with the habit/inclination to do good

A

Virtuous

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33
Q

This pronounces on individual human acts in a word of conscience

A

Human Reason

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34
Q

Constituents of the Norm of Morality:

A law which describes divine reason (from God)

A

Eternal Law

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35
Q

Constituents of the Norm of Morality:

An internal entity which describes human reason

A

Conscience

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36
Q

Human acts are _____ when they agree with the dictates of reason

A

Good

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37
Q

Human acts are _____ when they do not agree with the dictates of divine and human reasons

A

Evil

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38
Q

Morality is a human standard based on what law?

A

Natural Law

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39
Q

This law is embedded in man’s conscience and which guides him to do good or avoid evil

A

Natural Law

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40
Q

Refers to doing an act which is contrary to a good conscience

A

Immorality

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41
Q

Refers to everything which is done contrary to justice or good morals

A

Moral Turpitude (corruption)

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42
Q

Refers to the conduct which is willful, flagrant, and which shows a moral influence to the opinion of the good and respectable members of the community

A

Immoral Conduct

43
Q

This is distinguished from good reputation and is not a subjective term but rather corresponds to objective reality

A

Moral Character

44
Q

This is what a person really is not what he or other people think he is

A

Moral Character

45
Q

What are the bases of MT ethics?

A
  1. 1968 Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists
  2. Professional Code of Ethics
  3. RA 5527
  4. 1992 Revised Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists
46
Q

What organization came up with the 1968 Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists?

A

PAMET

47
Q

When was the 1968 Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists FIRST revised?

A

1992

48
Q

The 1992 Code of Ethics of Medical Technologists revision was made under whose PAMET presidency?

A

Mrs. Marilyn Atienza (a board examinee)

49
Q

Refers to the supreme law of the land to which all laws, rules, and regulations must conform

A

Philippine Constitution

50
Q

Present Basis of the MT Ethics:
The 1997 Revised MT Code of Ethics was done under whose PAMET presidency?

A

Norma Nuñez Chang

51
Q

Present Basis of the MT Ethics:
When was the MT Code of Ethics under Chang’s presidency revised?

A

March 7, 1997

52
Q

Present Basis of the MT Ethics:
In 2012, an in-depth review and analysis was done by the PRC committee’s two members, which are?

A
  1. Hon. Marian Tantingco
  2. Hon. Marilyn Atienza
53
Q

Present Basis of the MT Ethics (give the names corresponding of their position):

  1. Past PAMET president
  2. Current PASMETH president
  3. Past PASMETH president
  4. Past PASMETH president and presented the analysis based on ethical principles and theories
A
  1. Dr. Leila Florento
  2. Mr. Bernard U. Ebuen
  3. Dr. Magdalena F. Natividad
  4. Dean Zenaida Capistrano-Cajucom
54
Q

Committee on Ethics and Professional Practice (2018-2021):
Who are the advisers?

A

Board of MT

55
Q

Committee on Ethics and Professional Practice (2018-2021):
Who is the chairman?

A

Razel Kawano

56
Q

Committee on Ethics and Professional Practice (2018-2021):
Who is the vice chairman?

A

Zenaida C. Cajucom

57
Q

Committee on Ethics and Professional Practice (2018-2021):
Where are the members from?

A

PAMET and PASMETH

58
Q

Currently, the PRC is working on the finalization of the revision of the code of ethics composed of who?

(3 answers)

A
  1. PRC Board of MT
  2. Marilyn Barza (chairman)
  3. Marian Tantingco (member)
59
Q

This is the branch of moral science that deals with the duties of a MT to his patient, colleagues, the profession, and the public

A

Medical Technology Ethics

60
Q

What are the 4 important kinds of ethics that we have to apply in our lives?

A
  1. Normative Ethics
  2. Personal Ethics
  3. Social Ethics
  4. Professional Ethics
61
Q

This word is etymologically related to the Anglo-Saxon word for “healing, holiness, and wholeness”

A

Health

62
Q

The root of the word “health” denotes _________

A

Completeness

63
Q

Referred to as a structure with all its parts each properly proportioned and in their places

A

Completeness/Whole

64
Q

Health can be considered dynamically as a functional _______ where all necessary functions are present and acting cooperatively and harmoniously

A

Whole

65
Q

This is a state of being in which an individual does the best with the capacities he has and acts in ways that maximize it

A

Health

66
Q

Health in medicine today is commonly defined in terms of standard _________ parameters

A

Physiological

67
Q

Defined by a model of what is physiologically usual or average

A

Health

68
Q

T or F: What is identifiably healthy for one individual does not indicate a state of health for another

A

True

69
Q

Health is better as _______ functioning

A

Optimal

70
Q

In health, each organ and system is functioning well and together to form what?

A

A single life form

71
Q

T or F: Health strictly refers to the absence of disease/infirmity

A

False (it is a state of complete physical, mental, and social being)

72
Q

T or F: Disease and infirmity are exact contraries to health

A

False (health is optimal functioning)

73
Q

T or F: An organism can be healthy in a narrow sense without actually being used to its full capacity

A

True

74
Q

T or F: An organism cannot fall short of optimal functioning without actually being diseased or infirmed

A

False (can be)

75
Q

Less than optimal functioning of health can soon lead to what?

A

Dysfunction (bad function)

76
Q

Concepts of Disease:

This regards diseases as separate entities that can be classified and named like plants and animals

A

Ontological

77
Q

Concepts of Disease:

This supports the theory that the organism constantly fights to throw off such diseases as alien invaders which disturb homeostasis

A

Ontological

78
Q

Concepts of Disease:

This views disease as a breakdown of the internal harmony of the organic system due to the hyper or hypofunctioning of an organ

A

Physiological

79
Q

Concepts of Disease:

This leads an organism to be attacked by external agents

A

Dysfunction

80
Q

Concepts of Disease:

The central tradition of medicine has always tried to reconcile ontological and physiological concepts according to who?

A

Greek Physician, Hippocrates

81
Q

Concepts of Disease:

Health is an internal ______ or harmony while disease is an _________

A

Homeostasis and Imbalance

82
Q

Concepts of Disease:

Death is always the result of ______

A

Disease

83
Q

Concepts of Disease:

T or F: Death is said to be natural

A

False (in the Greek sense, natural means optimal functioning or health)

84
Q

Concepts of Disease:

Death is viewed to be due to injuries done to organisms from the _______ and not from intrinsic tendencies

A

Environment

85
Q

Ontological Theory of Disease:

One that maintains itself perpetually when not disturbed but has its limits to its power of self-maintenance

A

Homeostatic System

86
Q

Ontological Theory of Disease:

When the environment is altered beyond a certain normal range, the organism is unable to _______

A

Survive

87
Q

Why is ethics a practical science:

It is ______ because it implies direction

A

Practical

88
Q

Why is ethics a practical science:

It is a ______ because it deals with a complete and systematically arranged body of data and presents the reasons which show these data to be true

A

Science

89
Q

Why is ethics a practical science:

It is ______ because it is related to the dictates of reason and how it should be

A

Moral

90
Q

Why is ethics a practical science:

It is ______ because it deals with deliberate and free human activity and how one should act

A

Of Human Conduct

91
Q

“Bio” and “ethics” mean what in order to form “bioethics”?

A

“Bio” = life while “ethics” = morality

92
Q

This is a branch of ethics that deals with the problems of life and dying, of health and healing

A

Bioethics

93
Q

Bioethics focuses our attention to the need for a ______ world in accordance with the dictates of reason

A

Healthier

94
Q

Who stated that our main concern and perspective should be the promotion of healthy relationships and of co-responsibility in creative liberty and fidelity?

A

Bernard Haring

95
Q

This is an attempt to rationalize application and use of the many advantages of medicine and in paramedical sciences

A

Bioethics

96
Q

Bioethics:

A _______ of thinking is called for because no field can claim the territory of life, many specialties and disciplines are needed

A

Revolution

97
Q

A division of ethics that relates to human life as the ethics of the life sciences and health care, both delivery and research

A

Health Ethics (old term) or Bioethics (current term used)

98
Q

T or F: Bioethics and Health Ethics are not viewed as synonymous

A

False

99
Q

Which is more limited between health ethics and bioethics?

A

Health Ethics (it continues itself to the moral behavior in relation to health)

100
Q

A division of ethics that relates to professional behavior

A

Professional Ethics

101
Q

T or F: The practice of a profession cannot be regulated entirely by a legislation

A

True (hence why each profession subscribes to a set of moral codes)

102
Q

This guides the actuation of a professional where the law is silent/inadequate

A

Code of Ethics

103
Q

This implies that before anything else, a professional is a person who has the obligation to listen to the dictates of reason

A

Code of Ethics

104
Q

The Code of Ethics implies that before anything else, a professional is a person who has the obligation to listen to what?

A

Dictates of Reason

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