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MTLBE > (F) L1.2: Intro to Bioethics and Professional Ethics (Part 2) > Flashcards

(F) L1.2: Intro to Bioethics and Professional Ethics (Part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Ethics is an ________ knowledge

A

Indispensable

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2
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Without this, man is only an animal

A

Moral Perception

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3
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Without this, man as a rational being is a failure

A

Morality

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4
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Because _____ is too essential to be dismissed, the creator has seen it fit to fight man with the natural insight of it

A

Moral Knowledge

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5
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

A ______ who finds inconvenient reasons to turn his back from ethics will discover that he is the center of it

A

Modern Man

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6
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

This is the only true measure of what man is ought to be

A

Moral Integrity

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7
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Philosophers speak of ethics as the only what?

A

Necessary knowledge

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8
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Who stated this quote: “Forgetting that man’s greatness, perfection, and happiness, his whole meaning, consists in transcending the commonly accepted human good”

A

Jacques Leclercq

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9
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

This is the foundation of every human society

A

Morality

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10
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Who stated this: “Without civic morality, communities perish, without personal morality, their survival has no value”

A

Russell

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11
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

According to Russell, without this, communities will perish

A

Civic Morality

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12
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

According to Russell, without this, a human’s survival has no value

A

Personal Morality

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13
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

T or F: Every culture admits the importance of morality as a standard of behavior, so when moral foundations are threatened, the society is preserved from the threats

A

False (society is also threatened)

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14
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

This should be the priority on who is to get what and how much, in terms of financial and human forces

A

Finitude of Resources

Finitude: State of having limits

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15
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Tales of abuse of rights and autonomy arouse what emotions?

A

Shame and indignation

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16
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Healthcare is NOT morally ______

A

Neutral

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17
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Every healthcare provider is a _______ who must judge the goodness or evil of his goals and actions

A

Moral Agent

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18
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Healthcare providers cannot depend on __________ as it can only judge the effectiveness of the means to achieve the goal

A

Scientific Knowledge

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19
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

Goodness must be determined by what 3 considerations of man?

A
  1. Needs
  2. Values
  3. Ultimate Ends
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20
Q

Importance of Bioethics:

T or F: Science is safe in the hands of those who don’t match their scientific knowledge with their ethical knowledge and sensitivity

A

False (not safe)

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21
Q

Needs of the Person:

Healthcare professionals make technical decisions, but because medicine involves human needs and values, it also becomes what type of decision?

A

Ethical Decision

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22
Q

Needs of the Person:

Nothing is more human and personal than _____ because when you’re concerned about this, it goes beyond physical well-being (emotional and psychological as well)

A

Health

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23
Q

Needs of the Person:

Every human person has an inner ______ and inherent ______ because he is a human person

A

Inner worth and Inherent dignity

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24
Q

Needs of the Person:

The human being is not a static entity, but rather a ______ system of needs

A

Dynamic

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25
Q

Needs of the Person:

Decisions about health must aim at the _______ integrated satisfaction of a human’s needs

A

Maximum

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26
Q

Needs of the Person:

Certain actions may never be done because performing them would constitute a violation against a person’s ______, both to whom the action is directed and the one performing it

A

Dignity

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27
Q

The Human Act:

This entity is creative because he possesses tremendous bodily and spiritual powers

A

Si batman char, “man” ang sagot

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28
Q

The Human Act:

A man acts to ______ himself in the world around him for every minute of his life

A

Transform

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29
Q

The Human Act:

______ constitute a person; someone who is in control of himself and is accountable

A

Actions

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30
Q

The Human Act:

What a person is and what becomes of him is largely dependent on the type of ______ he performs

A

Actions

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30
Q

Refers to actions where man knows what he is doing and freely chooses to do what he does

A

Human Acts

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31
Q

Refers to actions that are instinctive and are not within the control of the will; these are biological and physiological movements such as metabolism, respiration, fear, anger, love, and jealousy

A

Acts of Man

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32
Q

Characteristics of an Act to be Considered as a Human Act:

  • What it is about and what it means
  • Performed by a conscious agent who is aware of his actions and its consequences
  • Children below the age of reason are incapable of acting knowingly
A

Knowledge

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33
Q

Characteristics of an Act to be Considered as a Human Act:

These types of people are referred to being incapable of acting knowingly

(3 answers)

A
  1. Children
  2. Insane
  3. Senile
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34
Q

Characteristics of an Act to be Considered as a Human Act:

  • To do or leave it undone without coercion or constraint
  • It implies voluntariness which rationally chooses the object by deliberate will
  • Performed by an agent who is acting freely by his own volition and powers
A

Freedom

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35
Q

Characteristics of an Act to be Considered as a Human Act:

T or F: Voluntariness implies freedom

A

False (does not)

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36
Q

Characteristics of an Act to be Considered as a Human Act:

  • Performed by an agent who intentionally decides to perform the act
  • Resolve to perform an act here and now or in some future time
A

Willfulness

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37
Q

Conscience:

This is the proximate norm of morality

A

Conscience

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38
Q

Conscience:

Conscience is the _______ norm of morality because it confronts an action good or bad

A

Proximate

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39
Q

Conscience:

Conscience is derived from the Latin word “conscientia” which means what?

A

“Trial of oneself” (both in accusation and in defense)

40
Q

Conscience:

Conscience is the personal practical judgement of ______ upon a particular act as good (to be performed) and evil (to be avoided)

A

Reason

41
Q

Conscience:

T or F: Conscience involves reasoning

A

True

42
Q

Conscience:

T or F: Conscience is about moral principles

A

True

43
Q

Conscience:

Conscience is about teaching a specific ______ which declares something to be done or avoided to fulfill a person’s needs

A

Decision

44
Q

Conscience:

Conscience is a _________ because it is an inference whose conclusion leads to something practical

A

Practical Judgement

45
Q

Conscience:

Conscience’s main function is to determine what ______ in a given situation

A

Ought to be done

46
Q

Conscience:

Conscience assumes the role of ______ or _______ after the commission of an act

A

Approving or Reproving

47
Q

Conscience:

A reproving conscience is called a _________

A

Guilty Conscience

48
Q

Conscience:

Conscience must be rooted in _______ and _________ and not a mere will or desire (a blind choice)

A

Reality and Truth

49
Q

Conscience:

T or F: Affection, will, and reason are involved in unbalanced moral decision making

A

False (balanced)

50
Q

Conscience:

Conscience can be an ______ when one misunderstands the principles, misjudges facts, or is led by misguided affections

A

Error

51
Q

Conscience:

One is guilty of erroneous decisions of conscience only if it is within one’s capability and freedom to _________

A

Prevent the error

(if the person could not have known or was not free, there is no morality)

52
Q

Kinds of Conscience:

This kind judges correctly that what is good is good and what is evil is evil

A

Correct/True Conscience

53
Q

Kinds of Conscience:

This kind judges incorrectly that what is good is evil and what is evil is good

A

Incorrect/False Conscience

54
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

This kind is where the error is not willfully intended (ignorance of the fact)

A

Inculpable Conscience

55
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

This kind is where the error is due to neglect or malice

A

Culpable Conscience

56
Q

Where does the difference lie between a culpable and inculpable conscience?

A

Distinction between a voluntary and involuntary error

57
Q

T or F: It is a culpable conscience if the error is involuntary

A

False (voluntary)

58
Q

T or F: It is an inculpable conscience if the error is voluntary

A

False (involuntary; an honest mistake)

59
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

This kind is a subjective assurance of the lawfulness or unlawfulness of an act; it implies that the person is sure of their decision

A

Certain Conscience

60
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

This kind is an indecisive one, unable to form a definite judgement on an action

A

Doubtful Conscience

61
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

What conscience must be allowed to settle its doubts before performing any action?

A

Doubtful Conscience

62
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

This kind is a rigorous one, extremely afraid of committing evil, is meticulous, and wants inconvertible proof before acting

A

Scrupulous Conscience

63
Q

Kinds of Erroneous Conscience:

This kind refuses to be bothered about the distinction of good and evil; it rushes on and is quick to justify impulses

A

Lax Conscience

64
Q

Healthcare Profession:

Who explains the word “profession” in terms of social value?

A

Robert Merton

65
Q

Healthcare Profession:

Identify the kind of value (knowing, doing, and helping):

Value placed upon systematic intellect

A

Knowing

66
Q

Healthcare Profession:

Identify the kind of value (knowing, doing, and helping):

Value placed upon technical skills and trained capacity

A

Doing

67
Q

Healthcare Profession:

Identify the kind of value (knowing, doing, and helping):

Value placed upon putting one’s conjoint knowledge and skill to give service to others

A

Helping

68
Q

Healthcare Profession:

These people (2) use a scale to define a professional based on 6 operational attributes

A

Moore and Rosenblum

69
Q

6 operational attributes according to Moore and Rosenblum:

Professionals practice ______ occupations

A

Full-time

70
Q

6 operational attributes according to Moore and Rosenblum:

Professionals treat their occupation as an enduring set of normative and behavioral ________

A

Expectations

71
Q

6 operational attributes according to Moore and Rosenblum:

Professionals are identified with their ______ often in formalized organizations

A

Peers

72
Q

6 operational attributes according to Moore and Rosenblum:

Professionals have unusual but useful knowledge and skills through specialized _______ which is lengthy and difficult

A

Education

73
Q

6 operational attributes according to Moore and Rosenblum:

Professionals are expected to have service _______ so as to perceive the needs of their client relevant to their competency

A

Orientation

74
Q

6 operational attributes according to Moore and Rosenblum:

Professionals have ______ of judgement and _______ restrained by responsibility in using their knowledge and skill

A

Autonomy and Authority

75
Q

Healthcare Profession:

A true profession is aimed at _______, it does not produce things external to people but is a service directly to the person themselves

A

Practice

76
Q

Healthcare Profession:

A service provided by a profession is not applied to those who receive it ________

A

Passively (facilitates the persons’ own activity)

77
Q

Healthcare Profession:

Refers to receiving aid for problems which are deeply personal and involves life or death matters

A

Professional Help (we all need it)

78
Q

Healthcare Profession:

The relationship of a healthcare provider and a patient is not contract-based but rather _______

A

Covenant (a healthcare giver offers help and a dependent patient receives it)

79
Q

Characteristics of Trust:

Ethical decisions about health depend on the cooperative effort of patients and professionals wherein the patient is made aware of the facts in order for them to make __________

A

An informed decision/conscience

80
Q

Healthcare Profession:

These people pool information and expertise onto the table when making ethical decisions

A

Members of the health team

81
Q

Refers to the obligation to provide healthcare belonging to the individual patient, healthcare professional, or society

A

Healthcare Provision

82
Q

The extent to which healthcare should be provided when a disorder is self-inflicted, preventable, or incurable

A

Healthcare Provision

83
Q

What are the limitations (2) of healthcare provision?

A

Scarce resources and justice

84
Q

T or F: To care for one’s health is an obligation and therefore has the right to seek and receive healthcare

A

True

85
Q

A sick individual becomes a patient based on what 2 conditions?

A
  1. They admit they are sick
  2. They can no longer take care of themselves
86
Q

Healthcare Provider:

They must be an advocate for the ______ and keep their best interests as their first priority

A

Patient

87
Q

Healthcare Provider:

They must be competent in both ______ and _______ skills

A

Scientific and Interpersonal

88
Q

Healthcare Provider:

One must recognize their own _____ and ask for help when needed

A

Limitations

89
Q

Healthcare Provider:

As an ______, he must contribute to knowledge, conduct himself in an ethical and professional way, and be worthy of being a role model

A

Authority

90
Q

Healthcare Provider:

They must not only maintain but _______ the standards of their profession

A

Upgrade

91
Q

Healthcare Provider:

A good healthcare provider must be ______ in mind and hand

A

Competent

92
Q

Healthcare Provider:

A good healthcare provider must be ______ at heart

A

Compassionate

93
Q

What are the 3 H’s which constitute the effective domains in education?

A

Hand, Head, and Heart

94
Q

3 H’s (Hand, Head, and Heart)

Refers to psychomotor skills

A

Hand

95
Q

3 H’s (Hand, Head, and Heart)

Refers to the quality of being competent

A

Head

96
Q

3 H’s (Hand, Head, and Heart)

Refers to the quality of being compasionate

A

Heart

97
Q

A healthcare provider has a right to _______ when making personal inquiries or examining the patient

A

Cooperation

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