P&E Chapter 12 ON EXAM Formal Organizations Flashcards
Formal organizations
collectivities of people with a high degree of formality of structure, working together to meet a goal or goals
perspective on formal organizations
the rational perspective
systems perspective
interactional/interpretive perspective
critical perspective
rational perspective
considers formal organizations to be purposefully designed machines that maximize efficiency and effectiveness
systems perspective
formal organization in constant interaction with multiple environments and composed of interrelated systems
interactional/interpretive perspective
emphasizes human interaction and meaning making in creating organizations (largely ignores patterns of domination and oppression in organizations)
critical perspective
emphasizes human interaction and meaning making in creating organizations with focus on patterns of domination and oppression in organizations
burnout
the most identified hazard in both the public sector and business organizations which includes symptoms of emotional exhaustion, cynicism and inefficacy.
formal organization
a collectivity of people with a high degree of formal structure, working together to meet common goals
rational perspective on organizations
the formal organization is a goal-directed purposefully designed machine.
bureaucracy according to Weber
the most efficient form of organization for goal accomplishment
the ideal-type bureaucracy
formal rationality - rules, regulations and structures - is essential to goal accomplishment:
clear hierarchy and chain of command
clear division of labor based on specialized skills
formal rules of operation
formal and task-oriented communications
merit-based recruitment and advancement
keeping of files and records for administrative action
scientific management
the most effective organizations maximize internal efficiency, the one best way. sometimes referred to as Taylorism, was directed toward maximizing internal efficiency.
human relations theory
human relationships are central to organizational efficiency and effectiveness
management by objectives
managers should focus on the desired outcome (objectives) and create an organizational design to achieve that outcome, strategic planning is key to organizational success
decision-making theory
organizational rationality has limits. focusing on how decisions of individuals in organizations affect the organization as a whole.
hawthorne effect
the tendency of experimental participants to perform in particular ways simply because they know they are being studied.
organizational humanism
organizations can maximize efficiency and effectiveness while also promoting individual happiness and well-being
bounded rationality
limited rationality of organizational actors
satisfice
to seek satisfactory rather than perfect solutions and to discontinue the search for alternatives when a satisfactory solution is available.
systems perspective on organizations
builds on the fundamental principle that the organization is in constant interaction with its multiple environments - social, political, economic, cultural, technological - and must be able to adapt to environmental change.
political economy model
the dependence of organizations on their environments for necessary resources and and on the impact of organization-environment interactions on the internal structure and processes of the organization. political resources (legitimacy and power) and economic resources. the organization depends on the environment for political and economic resources.
learning organizational theory
the organization must be able to learn and change in a rapidly changing environment
social action model
the organization is defined by individual actors
organizational culture model
organizations are cultures with shared experiences and shared meanings