P&E Chapter 1 ON EXAM A Multidimensional Approach for Multifaceted Social Work Flashcards
multidimentionals
having several identifiable dimensions
dimension
a feature that can be focused on seperately but that cannot be understood without considering other dimensions as well
multidetermined behavior
behavior that develops as a result of many causes.
biopsychosocial approach
human behavior is the result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems
biological dimension
the body’s biochemical, cell, organ and physiological systems. nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, reproductive system
psychological dimension and examples
the mind and mental processes. cognitions ( conscious thinking processes), emotion (feelings) and self (identity)
spiritual dimension
the aspect of the person that searches for meaning and purpose in life. themes of mortality, ethics justice, interconnectedness, creativity, mystical states, prayer, meditation and contemplation, relationships with a higher power.
dimensions of person
biological, psychological, spiritual
dimensions of environment
phsysical, culture, social structure and social institutions, formal organizations, communities, social movements, small groups, families, dyads
dimensions of time
linear time, historical era, chronological age
physical dimension
the natural and human-built material aspects of the environment. water, sun, trees, buildings, landscapes
culture dimension
a set of common understandings, evident in both behavior and material artifacts. beliefs, customs, traditions, values
social structure and social institutions dimension
social structure: set of interrelated social institutions developed by humans to impose constraints on human interaction of the purpose of survival and well-being of the collectivity. example: social class.
social institutions: patterned ways of organizing social relations in a particular sector of social life. example: government, economy, education, heath care, social welfare, religion, mass media and family
formal organizations dimension
collectivities of people, with a high degree of formality of structure, working together to meet a goal or goals. civic and social service organizations, business professional associations
communities dimension
people ground either by geography or by network links (webs of communication), sharing common ties, and interacting with one another. neighborhoods, social work community, disability community.
social movements dimension
large-scale collective actions to make change, or resist change, in specific social institutions. civil rights movement, poor people’s movements, disability movement
small groups dimension
two or more people who interact with each other because of shared interests, goals, experiences, and needs. friendship group, self-help, therapy, committee,task group
families dimension
a social group of tow or more persons, characterized by interdependence with long-term commitments that stem from blood, law, or affection. nuclear family, extended family, chosen family
dyads dimension
two persons bound together in some way. parent and child, romantic couple, social worker and client.
linear time dimension
time in terms of a straight line. past, present, future
historical era
a discrete block of time in human history
chronological age
age of a person measured in years, months and days.
time orientation
the extent to which individuals and collectivities are invested in three temporal zones - past, present and future.
globalization
a process by which the world’s people are becoming more interconnected economically, politically, environmentally and culturally
heterogeneity
individual-level variations - differences among individuals
diversity
patterns of group differences
privilege
unearned advantage, for some groups and disadvantage for other groups.
common mechanisms of oppression
economic power and control myth of scarcity defined norm the other invisibility distortion stereotyping violence and the threat of violence lack of prior claim blaming the victim internalized oppression horizontal hostility isolation assimilation tokenism emphasis on individual solutions
economic power an dcontrol
limiting of resources, mobility, education, and employment options to all but a few
myth of scarcity
used to pit people against one another, suggests that resources are limited and blames people for using too many of them
defined norm
a standard of what is good and right, against which all are judged
the other
those who fall outside “the norm” but are defined in relation to it, seen as abnormal, inferior, marginalized
invisibility
keeping the other’s existence, everyday life, and achievements unknown
distortion
selective presentation or rewriting of history so that only negative aspects of the other are included
stereotyping
generalizing the actions of a few to an entire group, denying individual characteristics and behaviors
violence and the threat of violence
laying claim to resources, then using ight to ensure superior positoin
lack of prior claim
excluding anyone who was not originally included and labeling as disruptive those who fight for inclusion
blaming the victim
condemning the others for their situation, diverting attention from the roles that dominants play in the situation
internalized oppression
internalizing negative judgments of being the other, leading to self-hatred, depression despair and self-abuse
horizontal hostility
extending internalized oppression to one’s entire groups as well as to other subordinate groups, expressing hostility to other oppressed persons and groups rather than to members of dominant groups
assimilation
pressuring members of minority groups to drop their culture and differences and become a mirror of the dominant culture
todenism
rewarding some of the most assimilated others with position and resources
emphasis on individual solutions
emphasizing individual responsibility for problems and individual solutions rather than collective responsibility and collective solutions.
nusbaum’s 10 core capabilities
life bodily health bodily integrity sense, imagination, and thought emotion practical reason affiliation concern for other species play control over one's political and material environment
theory
interrelated set of concepts and propositions, organized into a deductive system that explains relationships among aspects of our world
hypotheses
tentative statements to be explored and tested, not facts to be applied, in transactions wit a person or group
science
scientific inquiry, a set of logical, systematic, documented methods for answering questions about the world.
concepts
the building blocks of theory. symbols or mental images that summarize observations, feelings or ideas
propositions
assertions
deductive reasoning
layout, general, abstract propositions that we can use to generate specific hypotheses to test in unique situations
assumptions
beliefs held to be true without testing or proof
objective reality
exists outside a person’s consciousness
subjective reality
reality based on personal perception
determinism
human behavior determined by forces beyond the control of the person
voluntarism
people fee and proactive agents in the creation of their behavior
empirical research
careful, purposeful and systematic observation of events with the intent to note and record them in terms of their attributes, to look for patterns in those events, and to make our methods and observations public
positivist perspective
the world has an order that can be discovered, findings o fone study should be applicable to other groups, complex phenomena can be studied by reducing them to some component part, findings are tentative and subject to question, and scientific methods are value-free
quantitative methods of research
methods that use quantifiable measures of concepts, standardize the collection of data, attend only to preselected variables and use statistical measures to look for patterns and associations.
interpretist/constructivist perspective
share the assumption that reality is based on people’s definitions of it and research should focus on learning the meanings that people give to their situations
qualitative methods of research
flexible and experiental and are designed to capture how participants view social life rather than ask participants to respond to categories preset by the researcher
postpositivism
a philosophical position that recognizes the complexity of reality and the limitations of human observers
critical thinking
a thoughtful and reflective judgment about alternative views and contradictory information
