P&E Chapter 1 ON EXAM A Multidimensional Approach for Multifaceted Social Work

Question 1

multidimentionals

Answer 1

having several identifiable dimensions

Question 2

dimension

Answer 2

a feature that can be focused on seperately but that cannot be understood without considering other dimensions as well

Question 3

multidetermined behavior

Answer 3

behavior that develops as a result of many causes.

Question 4

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 4

human behavior is the result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems

Question 5

biological dimension

Answer 5

the body’s biochemical, cell, organ and physiological systems. nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, reproductive system

Question 6

psychological dimension and examples

Answer 6

the mind and mental processes. cognitions ( conscious thinking processes), emotion (feelings) and self (identity)

Question 7

spiritual dimension

Answer 7

the aspect of the person that searches for meaning and purpose in life. themes of mortality, ethics justice, interconnectedness, creativity, mystical states, prayer, meditation and contemplation, relationships with a higher power.

Question 8

dimensions of person

Answer 8

biological, psychological, spiritual

Question 9

dimensions of environment

Answer 9

phsysical, culture, social structure and social institutions, formal organizations, communities, social movements, small groups, families, dyads

Question 10

dimensions of time

Answer 10

linear time, historical era, chronological age

Question 11

physical dimension

Answer 11

the natural and human-built material aspects of the environment. water, sun, trees, buildings, landscapes

Question 12

culture dimension

Answer 12

a set of common understandings, evident in both behavior and material artifacts. beliefs, customs, traditions, values

Question 13

social structure and social institutions dimension

Answer 13

social structure: set of interrelated social institutions developed by humans to impose constraints on human interaction of the purpose of survival and well-being of the collectivity. example: social class.

social institutions: patterned ways of organizing social relations in a particular sector of social life. example: government, economy, education, heath care, social welfare, religion, mass media and family

Question 14

formal organizations dimension

Answer 14

collectivities of people, with a high degree of formality of structure, working together to meet a goal or goals. civic and social service organizations, business professional associations

Question 15

communities dimension

Answer 15

people ground either by geography or by network links (webs of communication), sharing common ties, and interacting with one another. neighborhoods, social work community, disability community.

Question 16

social movements dimension

Answer 16

large-scale collective actions to make change, or resist change, in specific social institutions. civil rights movement, poor people’s movements, disability movement

Question 17

small groups dimension

Answer 17

two or more people who interact with each other because of shared interests, goals, experiences, and needs. friendship group, self-help, therapy, committee,task group

Question 18

families dimension

Answer 18

a social group of tow or more persons, characterized by interdependence with long-term commitments that stem from blood, law, or affection. nuclear family, extended family, chosen family

Question 19

dyads dimension

Answer 19

two persons bound together in some way. parent and child, romantic couple, social worker and client.

Question 20

linear time dimension

Answer 20

time in terms of a straight line. past, present, future

Question 21

historical era

Answer 21

a discrete block of time in human history

Question 22

chronological age

Answer 22

age of a person measured in years, months and days.

Question 23

time orientation

Answer 23

the extent to which individuals and collectivities are invested in three temporal zones - past, present and future.

Question 24

globalization

Answer 24

a process by which the world’s people are becoming more interconnected economically, politically, environmentally and culturally

Question 25

heterogeneity

Answer 25

individual-level variations - differences among individuals

Question 26

diversity

Answer 26

patterns of group differences

Question 27

privilege

Answer 27

unearned advantage, for some groups and disadvantage for other groups.

Question 28

common mechanisms of oppression

Answer 28

``` economic power and control myth of scarcity defined norm the other invisibility distortion stereotyping violence and the threat of violence lack of prior claim blaming the victim internalized oppression horizontal hostility isolation assimilation tokenism emphasis on individual solutions ```

Question 29

economic power an dcontrol

Answer 29

limiting of resources, mobility, education, and employment options to all but a few

Question 30

myth of scarcity

Answer 30

used to pit people against one another, suggests that resources are limited and blames people for using too many of them

Question 31

defined norm

Answer 31

a standard of what is good and right, against which all are judged

Question 32

the other

Answer 32

those who fall outside "the norm" but are defined in relation to it, seen as abnormal, inferior, marginalized

Question 33

invisibility

Answer 33

keeping the other's existence, everyday life, and achievements unknown

Question 34

distortion

Answer 34

selective presentation or rewriting of history so that only negative aspects of the other are included

Question 35

stereotyping

Answer 35

generalizing the actions of a few to an entire group, denying individual characteristics and behaviors

Question 36

violence and the threat of violence

Answer 36

laying claim to resources, then using ight to ensure superior positoin

Question 37

lack of prior claim

Answer 37

excluding anyone who was not originally included and labeling as disruptive those who fight for inclusion

Question 38

blaming the victim

Answer 38

condemning the others for their situation, diverting attention from the roles that dominants play in the situation

Question 39

internalized oppression

Answer 39

internalizing negative judgments of being the other, leading to self-hatred, depression despair and self-abuse

Question 40

horizontal hostility

Answer 40

extending internalized oppression to one's entire groups as well as to other subordinate groups, expressing hostility to other oppressed persons and groups rather than to members of dominant groups

Question 41

assimilation

Answer 41

pressuring members of minority groups to drop their culture and differences and become a mirror of the dominant culture

Question 42

todenism

Answer 42

rewarding some of the most assimilated others with position and resources

Question 43

emphasis on individual solutions

Answer 43

emphasizing individual responsibility for problems and individual solutions rather than collective responsibility and collective solutions.

Question 44

nusbaum's 10 core capabilities

Answer 44

``` life bodily health bodily integrity sense, imagination, and thought emotion practical reason affiliation concern for other species play control over one's political and material environment ```

Question 45

theory

Answer 45

interrelated set of concepts and propositions, organized into a deductive system that explains relationships among aspects of our world

Question 46

hypotheses

Answer 46

tentative statements to be explored and tested, not facts to be applied, in transactions wit a person or group

Question 47

science

Answer 47

scientific inquiry, a set of logical, systematic, documented methods for answering questions about the world.

Question 48

concepts

Answer 48

the building blocks of theory. symbols or mental images that summarize observations, feelings or ideas

Question 49

propositions

Answer 49

assertions

Question 50

deductive reasoning

Answer 50

layout, general, abstract propositions that we can use to generate specific hypotheses to test in unique situations

Question 51

assumptions

Answer 51

beliefs held to be true without testing or proof

Question 52

objective reality

Answer 52

exists outside a person's consciousness

Question 53

subjective reality

Answer 53

reality based on personal perception

Question 54

determinism

Answer 54

human behavior determined by forces beyond the control of the person

Question 55

voluntarism

Answer 55

people fee and proactive agents in the creation of their behavior

Question 56

empirical research

Answer 56

careful, purposeful and systematic observation of events with the intent to note and record them in terms of their attributes, to look for patterns in those events, and to make our methods and observations public

Question 57

positivist perspective

Answer 57

the world has an order that can be discovered, findings o fone study should be applicable to other groups, complex phenomena can be studied by reducing them to some component part, findings are tentative and subject to question, and scientific methods are value-free

Question 58

quantitative methods of research

Answer 58

methods that use quantifiable measures of concepts, standardize the collection of data, attend only to preselected variables and use statistical measures to look for patterns and associations.

Question 59

interpretist/constructivist perspective

Answer 59

share the assumption that reality is based on people's definitions of it and research should focus on learning the meanings that people give to their situations

Question 60

qualitative methods of research

Answer 60

flexible and experiental and are designed to capture how participants view social life rather than ask participants to respond to categories preset by the researcher

Question 61

postpositivism

Answer 61

a philosophical position that recognizes the complexity of reality and the limitations of human observers

Question 62

critical thinking

Answer 62

a thoughtful and reflective judgment about alternative views and contradictory information