CLC Chapter 2 Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

Family Pluralism

Answer 1

Recognition of many viable types of family structures

Question 2

How has the experience of pregnancy and childbirth changed?

Answer 2

• Increased availability to information
• Much more likely to be employed
• More likely to be unmarried
• More cultural diversity
• New technology/pharmaceutical interventions

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Genetic instructions coded in each cell

Question 4

Genes

Answer 4

Segments of DNA that contain the codes producing particular traits and dispositions

Question 5

Germ Cell

Answer 5

Ovum or sperm, contains 23 chromosomes, half of the 46 present in each parents cells

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Array of genes, each person’s is unique (unless identical twins)

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Observable traits

Question 8

Sex chromosomes

Answer 8

Determines sex

Question 9

Sex-linked trait

Answer 9

Gene on one sex chromosome that doesn’t have a counterpart on the other sex chromosome (ex. red/green color blindness)

Question 10

Recessive genes

Answer 10

Expressed only if responsible gene is present on each chromosome of the relevant pair

Question 11

Dominant genes

Answer 11

Expressed if one or both paired chromosomes have the gene

Question 12

Interactive genes

Answer 12

When genes on a chromosome give competing, yet controlling messages, both messages may be followed to varying degrees

Question 13

Genetic Counseling

Answer 13

• Gives information and advice to guide decisions of persons concerned about heredity abnormalities,
• Goal is to help prevent, cure or ameliorate various diseases or disorders as well as inform decisions about conception, pregnancy and childbirth

Question 14

Types of abortion procedures

Answer 14

• Medical abortions (nonsurgical)
• Instrumental or surgical evacuations
• Intrauterine instillation

Question 15

Infertility

Answer 15

The inability to create a viable embryo after one year of intercourse without contraception

Question 16

Gestation

Answer 16

Fertilized ovum becomes a fully developed infant (40 weeks)

Question 17

Gestational age

Answer 17

Calculated from date of beginning of woman’s last menstrual period

Question 18

Fertilization age

Answer 18

Measured from time of fertilization, approximately after the beginning of the last menstrual period

Question 19

First trimester

Answer 19

From zygote to embryo to fetus

Question 20

Second Trimester

Answer 20

Most rapid period of brain development; quickening

Question 21

Third trimester-

Answer 21

Maturity and weight gain of fetus

Question 22

Indicators of labor

Answer 22

• Lightening, the descent of the fetus to the mother’s pelvis
• Braxton hicks contractions

Question 23

3 stages of labor

Answer 23

1 - Cervix things and dilates, amniotic fluid released
2- Delivery
3- Placenta, Amniotic fluid, and membrane delivered

Question 24

Optimal age range of childbearing

Answer 24

20-35 years old

Question 25

Premature birth

Answer 25

Birth occurring before 37 weeks gestation

Question 26

Low birth weight

Answer 26

3.3-5.5 pounds account for 8.2 of preterm births

Question 27

Neonatology

Answer 27

Care of critically ill newborns

Question 28

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Answer 28

Alcohol abuse during pregnancy

Question 29

Doula

Answer 29

Lay-women who are employed to stay with the woman through the entire labor

Question 30

HIV and child birth

Answer 30

Women with HIV who take antiretroviral (ARV) medication and refrain from breastfeeding reduce the risk of transmitting the disease to less than 1%