Oxygen Transport 1.2

Question 1

Blood Pressure

Answer 1

The larger number indicates the pressure in the arteries as the heart squeezes out blood during each beat.

The lower number indicates the pressure as the heart relates before the next beat (diastolic)

Question 2

Oxygen deficit

Answer 2

At times when oxygen is not available the body will enter into oxygen deficit. This occurs when we move from rest to exercise and do not give our respiratory, circulatory and cardiovascular systems sufficient time to be able to supply the energy demands

Question 3

Aerobic steady state

Answer 3

The aerobic steady state is reached once there is a balance between the amount of energy needed for activity and the amount of energy supplied aerobically.

Once excercise begins oxygen consumption increases until hitting a steady state.

Elite athlete 40-60 seconds
Average 3 minutes

60-85% of MHR
Most effective 65-75%

Question 4

Vo2 and vo2 max

Answer 4

Oxygen consumptions and utilisation of oxygen to create energy is referred to as V02

Max - highest rate of oxygen consumption attainable during maximal exercise

Question 5

Absolute and relative VO2 Max

Answer 5

In absolute terms VO2 max is expressed in litres per minute. This figure does not take into account different body sizes

Relative VO2 max takes into account body size by diving absolute VO2 max by body weight

Question 6

Factors affecting VO2 max

Aerobic fitness

Answer 6

Aerobic training causes chronic adaptions that enhance the body’s ability to take in, transport and utilise oxygen more efficiently

Question 7

Factors affecting VO2 max

Body size

Answer 7

VO2 max is usually expressed relative to body weight. Oxygen and energy needs differs relative to size. It can also be expressed relative to body surface area.

Question 8

Factors affecting VO2 max

Gender

Answer 8

Even wth similar training regimes, women tend to have lower VO2 max scores than men, mainly due to having less muscle mass and more fat stores.

Question 9

Factors affecting VO2 max

Heredity

Answer 9

All people can improve their VO2 max with training but the extent to which they can improve is genetically determined. The highest ever recorded VO2 max is 97.5 ml/kg/min in men and 78.6 for women

Question 10

Factors affecting VO2 max

Age

Answer 10

For untrained sedentary individuals their VO2 max can peak at 10 for girls 16 for boys. Peak for trained athletes in endurance is late 20s early 30s. VO2 max begins to decline more rapidly at age 50 due to decrease in cardio respiratory efficiency, muscle mass and increased body fat.

Question 11

Lactate inflection Point

Answer 11

LIP occurs where there is a sudden exponential or non-linear increase in the lactate concentration in the blood

LIP reflect lactate entry into blood and lactate removal. It is the last point where these two factors are balanced

The LIP of an individual represents the maximal intensity at which blood lactate is in steady state.

Exercise intensities beyond the LIO ate associated with a shortened time to exhaustion

Question 12

Variability of LIP % of VO2 and HR max

Answer 12

There is a wide range of figures which are used to equate the LiP with both % VO2 max and %MHR as it is so widely dependent on the individual no single value is considered accurate.

Untrained athlete range of LIP
55-70% of MHR avg of 60%
40-70% Of VO2 max avg 50-60%

Trained athlete range of LIP
Up to or in excess of 90% MHR
70-95% VO2 max typically 70-80%

Question 13

Buffering

Answer 13

The increased LIP educates the body’s buffering mechanism. In more effectively using lactate to assist in buffering and in the removal of H ions from muscles enabling the muscles to work for longer periods within the Burn and heaviness