Effects Of Training 1.3

Question 1

Cardiovascular (immediate)

Answer 1

Increase: 
Heart rate 
Stroke volume 
Systolic BP 
Redistribution of blood to skeletal muscles (Rest: muscles 15-20% Organs 80-85% Exercise: muscles 80-90% organs 10-20%) 
Absolute VO2 Diff 
Blood lactate concentrations 

Decrease:

Blood plasma volume
Blood pH

Question 2

Respiratory (immediate)

Answer 2

Increase: 
Respiratory Rate 
Diffusion of CO2 and O2 
Oxygen uptake 
TV? 
V?

Question 3

Muscular (immediate)

Answer 3

Increase:
Motor unit and fibre recruitment 
Blood flow to muscles
Muscle temperature 
Muscle enzyme activity 
Oxygen supply and use 
Oxygen extraction 

Decrease
Energy stores

Question 4

Circulo Respiratory (chronic) 
Rest

Answer 4

Decreased resting Heart Rate 
Cardiac Hypertrophy 
Unchanged or decreased cardiac Output 
Increased Blood Volume and Haemoglobin 
Decreased Blood Presshre 
Increased capillarisation of heart 
And skeletal muscle 
Decreased Lung ventilation

Question 5

Circulo Respiratory (Chronic) 
Sub max intensity

Answer 5

Decreased Heart rate 
Cardiac Hypertrophy 
Increased capillarisation  of the heart 
Improved heart rate recovery rates
Increased stroke volume 
Decreased blood flow to working muscles 
Decreased blood pressure 
Increased avo2 max difference 
Unchanged cardiac output (Q) 
Decreased minute ventilation 
Decreased or unchanged VO2 
Increased LIP

Question 6

CirculoRespiratory (chronic)

Max intensity

Answer 6

Cardiac Hypertrophy 
Increased Capillarisation heart and skeletal muscles 
Increased stroke volume 
Increased cardiac output 
Increased Vo2 max 
Improved heart rate recovery rates 
Increased avo2 max diff 
Increased or unchanged muscle blood flow 
Increased minute ventilation 
Increased LiP

Question 7

Muscular (chronic )

Endurance

Answer 7

Increased Oxygen extraction by increased concentrations of myoglobin

Increased oxygen delivery

Increased numbers of energy production sites

Increased oxidation of fat’s (glycogen sparing)

Increased fuel stores of muscle glycogen and triglycerides

Increased size of slow twitch muscle fibres

Decreased utilisation of anaerobic glycolysis system

Question 8

Muscular (chronic)

Non- endurance

Answer 8

Increased muscles stores ATP and PC stores capacity of the ATP-PC system

Increased muscle glycogen stores and glycolysis enzymes and thus increased glycolytic capacity

Increased storage of glycogen

Increased size of fast twitch muscle fibres

Increased speed and force of contraction

Increased strength amounts of connective tissue

Increased number of muscle capillaries

Flexibility training effects: increased length of muscles, tendons and ligaments, increased range of joint movement

Question 9

Cardio-respiratory (chronic)

Rest

Answer 9

Cardiac Hypertrophy

Unchanged or decreased cardiac output

Decreased resting heart rate

Increased stroke volume

Increased blood volume and haemoglobin

Decreased Blood pressure

Increased lung volume

Question 10

Cardio-respiratory (chronic)

Sub-maximal

Answer 10

Unchanged or decreased cardiac output

Decreased HR

SV increased

Decreased BP

Decreased minute ventilation

Unchanged or decreased oxygen consumption

Decreased muscle glycogen depletion

Decreased lactic acid level in blood and muscle

Increased anaerobic threshold

Blood flow to muscles decreased or unchanged

Avo2 diff increased

Question 11

Cardio-respiratory (chronic)

Maximal

Answer 11

Increased Q

Unchanged or decreased HR

Increased SV

Decreased BP

Increased minute ventilation

Increased VO2

Increased muscle glycogen depletion

Increased lactic acid level in blood and muscles

Increased blood flow to working muscles

Increased avo2 diff