Energy Systems 1.1 Flashcards
Krebs Cycle
Occurs in the mitochondria
Fuel and oxygen enter
Pyruvic acud, fats and proteins as fuel
O2 combines with C to create CO2 by product
Some ATP produced
H ions produced and move to the next stage
Myoglobin
Myoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen. It aids delivery of oxygen to the mitochondria within muscle cells
The oxygen bonded to myoglobun is released when oxygen diffussion from the blood is too slow to meet demand
Fast Twitch Fibre (2b)
White Anaerobic Fast speed High force production Low fatigue resistance Large diameter Low capillary supply Low # mitochondria High glycolytic capacity Low oxidative capacity Very large motor nerve Cp and glycogen (fuel) Arm muscles Rapid intense movements
Slow Twich Fibres
Red Aerobic Slow speed Low force production High fatigue resistance Small diameter High capillary supply High # mitochondria Pow glycolytic capacity High oxidative capacity Small motor nerve Triglycerides (fuel) Back and neck muscles Maintaining posture and endurance activities
Fast Twitch Fibre (2a)
Pink (white/Red) Partially Aerobic Fast speed Intermediate force production Moderate/High fatigue resistance Medium diameter Intermediate capillary supply Intermediate # mitochondria High glycolytic capacity Medium Oxidative capacity Large motor nerve Cp, glycogen (fuel) Leg muscles Walking, Sprinting
Electron transport system
In mitochondria H and O mix to make water Heat + water as by products Water (sweat, urine, breathe) Heat transfered through blood 36 mol of ATP produced
Lactate Clearance
Lactic acid is produced regularly dyring rest and excercise under the blood lactate threshold the rate of production equals the rate metabolised
The rate lactate leaves muscles into the blood stream is determined by the rate of blood flow through tissue
Creatine Phosphate
A chemical similar to ATP in that it is a chemical that splits, releasing energy
Creatine phosphate is stored in muscles and brain cells
Food fuels
Food fuels
CHO:
Glucose
Glycogen
Blood
Liver
Adipose tissue
Fat:
Fatty acids
Triglycerides
Blood
Muscle and liver
Adipose tissue
Protein:
Muscle amino acids
Muscles
Adipose tissue
Hitting the wall
Once glycogen stores are depleted fat is used
Fat requires large amounts of oxygeb to breakdown
Preformance quality decreases by 50%
Occurs around the 2 hr mark
Glycogen sparing
Glycogen sparing is the process whereby glycogen stores are not used early in excercise due to the increase ability to use triglycerides to produce energy
ATP production (rest)
Energy demands are low as heart/breathing rates are stable and low
Energy produced aerobically 2/3 fats 1/4 glycogen and glucose (CHO)
Occurs in the mitochondria
By products heat, water, CO2
ATP production (excercise)
ATP- PC : through the breakdown of CP
Lactic acid: through incomplete breakdown of glucose
Aerobic: through complete breakdown of glucose/fats/proteins
ATP-PC system
Breakdown of phosphate Creatinr in the muscle cell
Pi bonds with ADP to quickly resynthesis ATP
this occurs until PC stores are depleted which occurs within approximately 2-10 seconds elite athletes slightly longer
