2.7 Movement Analysis

Question 1

Biomechanics

Answer 1

Is the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on a human body or object and the effects produced by these forces

Question 2

Flexion

Answer 2

Movement as a joint resulting in the angle between two bones

Question 3

Extension

Answer 3

Movement at a joint resulting in an increase in the angle between the 2 bones

Question 4

Abduction

Answer 4

Movement away from the midline of the body

Question 5

Adduction

Answer 5

Movement toward the midline of the body

Anterior and posterior

Question 6

Kinematic

Answer 6

Is the area of biomechanics that studies the description motion. This includes how fast, how far and how consistently a body moves

Question 7

Motion

Answer 7

Is simply movement

Different types include linear, angular and general motion

Question 8

Linear motion

Answer 8

Is the motion of a body in a straight line

Question 9

Angular motion

Answer 9

Is the motion of all parts of the object moving around a fixed point

Cartwheel

Question 10

Axis of rotation

Answer 10

The fixed point around which and object rotates

Can be internal or external

Question 11

General motion

Answer 11

The combination of linear and angular motion. Most human motion is categorised as general motion

Eg running

Question 12

Projectile Motion

Answer 12

A pro tile is a body that moves through air

Question 13

Factors affecting projectile motion

Answer 13

Velocity of release - the harder a ball is hit/thrown this higher and further it will go. This is due to the transfer of momentum

Angles of release - coaches need to ensure the participants use the correct angles of release

Height of release - the higher the point of release relative to the ground the further the ball will travel

Shape - streamlined shapes travel more efficiently in the air and travel further due to less drag force pulling the projectile backwards

Air resistance - when a projectile pushes through the air it creates a drag force behind it

Spin - changes the shape of the parabola depending how it spins

Question 14

Velocity

Answer 14

Measures the rate of positional change of an object

It includes displacement rather than distance as displacement takes into account directions

Question 15

Kinetics

Answer 15

Is the area of biomechanics that studies influences on the movement of a body. Where as kinematic describes the appearance of motion kinetics is the study of forces associated with motion

Question 16

Mass

Answer 16

Is the amount of matter that makes up an object

Mass directly measures the amount of inertia of a body

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion

Question 17

Momentum

Answer 17

Is a measure of the amount of motion by a moving body

Question 18

Force

Answer 18

Is the pushing/pulling effect of a body that can cause change

Forces are acted upon a body as a result of interaction with the surrounding environment

Question 19

Types of forces

Answer 19

Forces can be produced from within the body by muscular contractions

Forces can be applied to equipment such as racquets and pedals

Question 20

Newton’s first law

Answer 20

A body continues in its state of rest unless acted upon by a force

Inertia - the mass on the body will determine the force required to change its state
Inertia = speed x mass

Question 21

Newton’s second law

Answer 21

The rate of change of acceleration to a body is proportional to the force applied f = ma

Question 22

Newtons third law

Answer 22

For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 23

Levers

Answer 23

The human body is made up of levers in the forms of bones with the joints acting as axis

The use of levers allows humans to apply increased drive and to generate greater speed in executing sporting activities

Question 24

Balance

Answer 24

Centre of gravity- the COG of an object can be described as the balance

Question 25

Base of support

Answer 25

The area of the supporting base of an object is directly related to its stability

Greater the area of support = the greater the stability

Question 26

Stability

Answer 26

Is the bodies ability to remain in a state of balance

Static or dynamic