2.7 Movement Analysis Flashcards
Biomechanics
Is the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on a human body or object and the effects produced by these forces
Flexion
Movement as a joint resulting in the angle between two bones
Extension
Movement at a joint resulting in an increase in the angle between the 2 bones
Abduction
Movement away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Movement toward the midline of the body
Anterior and posterior
Kinematic
Is the area of biomechanics that studies the description motion. This includes how fast, how far and how consistently a body moves
Motion
Is simply movement
Different types include linear, angular and general motion
Linear motion
Is the motion of a body in a straight line
Angular motion
Is the motion of all parts of the object moving around a fixed point
Cartwheel
Axis of rotation
The fixed point around which and object rotates
Can be internal or external
General motion
The combination of linear and angular motion. Most human motion is categorised as general motion
Eg running
Projectile Motion
A pro tile is a body that moves through air
Factors affecting projectile motion
Velocity of release - the harder a ball is hit/thrown this higher and further it will go. This is due to the transfer of momentum
Angles of release - coaches need to ensure the participants use the correct angles of release
Height of release - the higher the point of release relative to the ground the further the ball will travel
Shape - streamlined shapes travel more efficiently in the air and travel further due to less drag force pulling the projectile backwards
Air resistance - when a projectile pushes through the air it creates a drag force behind it
Spin - changes the shape of the parabola depending how it spins
Velocity
Measures the rate of positional change of an object
It includes displacement rather than distance as displacement takes into account directions
Kinetics
Is the area of biomechanics that studies influences on the movement of a body. Where as kinematic describes the appearance of motion kinetics is the study of forces associated with motion
Mass
Is the amount of matter that makes up an object
Mass directly measures the amount of inertia of a body
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion
Momentum
Is a measure of the amount of motion by a moving body
Force
Is the pushing/pulling effect of a body that can cause change
Forces are acted upon a body as a result of interaction with the surrounding environment
Types of forces
Forces can be produced from within the body by muscular contractions
Forces can be applied to equipment such as racquets and pedals
Newton’s first law
A body continues in its state of rest unless acted upon by a force
Inertia - the mass on the body will determine the force required to change its state
Inertia = speed x mass
Newton’s second law
The rate of change of acceleration to a body is proportional to the force applied f = ma
Newtons third law
For every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction
Levers
The human body is made up of levers in the forms of bones with the joints acting as axis
The use of levers allows humans to apply increased drive and to generate greater speed in executing sporting activities
Balance
Centre of gravity- the COG of an object can be described as the balance
Base of support
The area of the supporting base of an object is directly related to its stability
Greater the area of support = the greater the stability
Stability
Is the bodies ability to remain in a state of balance
Static or dynamic
