OxPhos

Question 1

Atractyloside

Answer 1

inhibit ATP/ADP translocase

Question 2

Amytal

Answer 2

bartibutate-trx-anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy

reversible inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase on complex I

Block ETC-protect cardiac muscle during ischemia-less ROS production

no NADH oxidized, but succinate can still enter chain addled to some e- transport and low levels ATP (complex 2)

Question 3

Rotenone

Answer 3

Pesticide

Potent inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase on complex 1

no NADH oxidized, but succinate can still enter chain addled to some e- transport and low levels ATP (complex 2)

Question 4

Antimycin

Answer 4

inhibitor of complex III

binds to cyt b in reduced state

anti fungal for plants

no ATP made-complex 3, CytC, and 4 stay oxidized

complex I, CoQ, and complex II fully reduced

Question 5

CN poisoning

Answer 5

CN binds to oxidized heme

• need to recycle Fe for complex 4 to work
• can’t reduce O2 to H2O

Essentially shuts down complex 4
- all before it is reduced though

Question 6

CN poisoning Trx

Answer 6

Nitrate followed by/or thiosulfate

NO-forces Hb to Met Hb (by converting ferrous to ferric), much more Hb then complex 4 in body-CN can bind to metHb to make CNmetHb so less binds to complex 4

Thiosulfate (S2O3) with CN make SCN-soluble in urine

Question 7

Rhodanese

Answer 7

make S2O3 into SCN and SO32-

Question 8

CN vs CO

Answer 8

CO binds to Fe2+ heme in complex 4

CN binds to Fe3+ heme

Question 9

Oligomycin

Answer 9

binds to Fo potion of ATP synthase-blocking proton pathway+preventing reentry to protons into mito matrix

Proton gradient builds up-pumping of H+ stop-stops redox reactions=all remains oxidized

Question 10

AraC and AZT

Answer 10

damages inner mito membranes-permeable to protons

Question 11

DNP/high dose asparin

Answer 11

Lipid soluble substances that bind and transport protons through inner membrane (from inter membrane space to matrix side)

Question 12

thermogenin

Answer 12

UCP-1
Proton channel
Babies don’t know how to shiver-so use UCP
In Brown adipose tissue
UCP1 expresión greatly increases in response to cold
STIM by cold @ hypo, SNS, norepi, TAG to FFA, stem thermogenin opening

Question 13

MELAS

Answer 13

Mito encephalopy, lactic acidosis, and stroke

• Mito tRNA for Leu messed up (mito has own tRNA pool
• comlpex 1 and 4 messed up
• muscle pain/weakness, lactic acid build up, seizures, infantile/early childhood onset

Question 14

m-MD

Answer 14

malate dehydrogenase

malate-aspartate shuttle

Malate+2e- + (NAD to oxaloacete and NADH+2e- or vice versa in c version

Question 15

AST

Answer 15

amino transferase

malate-aspartate shuttle

oxaloacetate and glutamine into aspartate and alpha ketoglutarate

Question 16

malate-aspartate inner membrane transporters

Answer 16

malate+2e- into matrix for alpha keto out

glutamate into matrix for aspartate out

Question 17

GAPDH

Answer 17

G3PDH

malate-aspartate shuttle/Glycerol phosphate shuttle

G3P +NAD to make 1,3 BP glycerinate and NADH+2e-

Question 18

m-GPDH

Answer 18

only in glycerol phosphate shuttle pathway

• G3+ plus 2 e- and FAD to make FADH2 (2e-) and DHAP for m

other is reverse