Exercise Metabolism

Question 1

effect of excercise on glucose/insulin

Answer 1

resting hyperglycemia not much better but response to glucose is not as drastic-cells more insulin sensitive and faster to resting glucose levels

@ excercise-insulin secreiton in people with abnornal glucose will increase almost to normal levels

Question 2

excercise effect on immune function

Answer 2

increase to a point where too much excercise

Question 3

what pathway is for excercise

Answer 3

AMPK

• decreases ATP consumption (not use ATP for synthesis)
• increase catabolism
• AMP accumulates=low energy within the cells-activates AMPK

Question 4

Physiologic targets of AMPK

Answer 4

GLut4 (muscle and adipose tissue)-take glucose in tnto these organs

SM FA ox, and increases gluocse uptake here-again GLUT4

Inhibits TAG syn, glocyogen syn, protein syn, cholesterol syn, FA syn, and insulin syn (req energy/ATP)

Question 5

PFK 2 on when … activates and how activate

-same for off

Answer 5

Off when dephosphorylated by Insulin
-results in gluconeogenesis

On when glucagon phosphorylates it
-results in glycolysis

Question 6

PFK2 off downstream

Answer 6

Fructose 2,6 bisP activated

• PFK1 is active
• gluconeogenesis

Question 7

PFK2 on downstream

Answer 7

Fructose 2,6 P bisP inhibited

• FBP1,6ase is active
• glycolysis

Question 8

epi effects on muscle and liver gycolysis

Answer 8

accerates glycolysis in muscle

inhibits glycolysis in liver

Question 9

how does epi secretion increase glycolysis rate in muscle

Answer 9

epi phosphorylates gluycogen phosphorylase

• glycogen deg pathway
• get glucse 6p to fructose 6p
• Either PFK2 makes fructose 2,6bis P-activates PFK 1
• —-or makes PFK1 directly

PFK1 results in glycoslysis increase or fructose 1,6 bisP

Question 10

ACC2

Answer 10

inhibits CPT thereby blocking FA CoA entry to mito

-inactivated by AMPK

Question 11

MCoADC

Answer 11

Maloyl CoA to acetyl CoA

-activates by AMPk

Question 12

Where get DHAP from

-and where not from (2)

Answer 12

@lipolysis, glycolysis is inhib

@adipose cells-no glycerol kinase to make glycerol 3 P (made when DHAP made)

Use glyceroneogenesis

Question 13

GLyceroneogenesis

Answer 13

(basically shortened gluconeogenesis in liver/adipose)

Pyruvate to DHAP

Question 14

Gluconeogenesis vs glycogenolysis @ excercise

Answer 14

start with much more glycogenolysis

-over time decrease, adn increase gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Alanine cycle

• what happens
• extra things made

Answer 15

breakdown of glucose to alanine, then alanine regenerates glucose in liver

Uses BCAA and ALT to generate alanine
Alanine to glucose also makes ammonia

Question 16

phosphagen system

Answer 16

anerobic, creatine phosphate

quick was of getting energy for a few seconds

Question 17

glycolysis

Answer 17

fast and slow

breakdown of carbs, either glycogen stored in muscle or deleivered in blood to produce ATP
-anerobic is 100x faster than aerobic

Question 18

oxidative system

Answer 18

primarily at rest and low energy

• uses carbs and fats as substrates
• ox phos and beta ox

Question 19

high intestity for short duration

low intensity for long duration

mod to high intesnity for short to medium duratin

Answer 19

phosphocreatine-for burst of heavy activiy

FA, ketone bodies, blood glucose

creatine but also muscle glycogen to lactate
-creatine doesnt last that long

Question 20

anerobic vs aerobic
-time

-demand

Answer 20

shorter time, more anerobic vs aerobic

higher dmage (100m dash/weight lifting)-more anerobic

Question 21

Creatine shuttle=

Answer 21

phosphagen system

can psosbile increase creatine storage through excercise

Question 22

why use anerobic glycolysis during exertion vs ox phos

Answer 22

ATP generated at 100x faster rate-for fast glycolysis

Question 23

fast glycolysis vs slow glycolysis

Answer 23

glucose, pyruvate, lactate (faster ATP yield rate)

sloww-glucose, pyruvate, TCA cycle
pruvate to mito-for TCA=slow

Question 24

Rank ATP production vs capactiy for ATP production

Answer 24

there exist in inverse

phosphogen=fastest
fast (anerobic) glycolysis
slow (Aerobic/TCA) glycolysis
oxidation of carbs
ox of fats and proteins

Question 25

Type I vs Type II (b) twitch fibers

Answer 25

1-red meats, lots of mito and heme

• slow twitch-low speed of contraction
• low glycogen content-slow oxidative
• high capacity to store O2
• high capacity for aerobic metaboism (cuz mito increase)

2-fast speed of contraction

• high glycogen content=fast glycolytic
• more senstitive to fatigue

can excercise different ways to change ratio

Question 26

Fuel selection

• @ increase intensity
• @ incrase duration
• @ low intensity

Answer 26

@ intensity increases-carb use increases and fat use decreases

• fast glycolysis uses carbs
• shift to glycogen at increase intensity

@ duration increase-fat use increaes

low intesinty-use plasma fat from cells as FFA

Question 27

Phosphogen repletion

Answer 27

can be almost elimited by excercise to exhaustion

Resyntheisis of ATP in 3-5 mins
-complete creatine phosphate resyn in 8 min

muscle ATP doesnt xecrease more than 60% even during intense excercise

resistance training-increase in resting concentration of phosphagens

Question 28

glycogen deplition and repletion

Answer 28

anerobic training increases glycogen stores

• muscle glycogen is more improtant than liver in moderate/intesnse excercise
• liver glycogen inportant for low intensity excercise
• muscle glycogen is completely replenished within 24 hrs of suffecient carbs

Question 29

GLucose depletion and replenishment
-diet on getting tired

-effeects of diet on glycogen refill

Answer 29

high fat got tired before mixed which got tired before high carb

muscle glycogen content refilled fastest with high carb and same speed for no food/fat and protein diet