Overview of pharmacology

Question 1

What information must be printed and typed for a prescription

Answer 1

name of the prescribing physical
Patient information 
Name and strength of the drug 
quantity of the drug 
directions for use 
date  
signature of prescribing physician

Question 2

What are the 4 basic parts of a prescription?

Answer 2

Superscription - date when the prescription order is written, the name and address of the patient and the Rx symbol
Inscription: the body of the prescription containing the name and amount or strength of the drug
Subscription - the directions to the pharmacist such as make a solution, mix an place into 10 capsules or dispense 10 tablets.
Signatura- signa in latin. section that contains the directions for use.

Question 3

What is the process of rational prescribing?

Answer 3

define the patient’s problem 
Specify the therapeutic objective 
Treatment selection 
Prescribe the drug 
Give the information, instructions and warnings 
Monitor the treatment

Question 4

What is pharmacology?

Answer 4

it is the study of drugs and their effects on the body. the goal of it is to understand the mechanism by which drugs interact with biological system to enable the rational use of effective agents in the diagnosis and treatment of disease

Question 5

What is pharmacokinetic

Answer 5

what the body does to the drug

Question 6

What is pharmacodynamics

Answer 6

study of what the drug does to the body

Question 7

What is pharmacotherpaeutics

Answer 7

study of how drugs are used to treat disease

Question 8

What is toxicology

Answer 8

the study of adverse effects of drugs

Question 9

What is a drug

Answer 9

• chemical compound used to prevent, diagnose or teat a disease or there abnormal conditions. usually small molecules or endogenous molecules

Question 10

What do drugs target

Answer 10

enzymes, ion channels, nucleic acids and receptors

Question 11

What is the FDA

Answer 11

• FDA is the Food and Drug Administration that regulates the EFFICACY, SAFETY AND QUALITY of vaccines and other biological products and medical devices. drug companies seek FDA approval to have the chance to sell the new drug on the market in the US. FDA conducts Preclinical test and clinical trials before letting it go to the market.

Question 12

What are the steps of the clinical trials

Answer 12

Phase 1 - 50 health people are tested to see the dosage and the safety
Phase 2 - 200 people are tested to see the effectiveness and the safety effects.
Phase 3 - 2000 people are tested to confirm effectiveness and the safety effects
Phase 4 - Post marking after FDA Approval. look at the long term effects along with the combination of it with other drugs and confirm the effectiveness in the population.

Question 13

What are the routes of drug administration

Answer 13

enteral and parenteral

Question 14

What is enteral

Answer 14

it is the rely of placing the drug directly i the GI and refer to primarily to oral administration. Oral administration is the primary route due to the cost, the convienience and the rapid drug absorption.

Question 15

What are the disadvantage of enteral

Answer 15

that is have the first pass effect and that it can cause GI irritation.

Question 16

What is parenteral

Answer 16

this route is NOT through the GI but refers to the injections

Question 17

What are the types of injections

Answer 17

Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Intradermal
Intramuscular

Question 18

What is intravenous

Answer 18

where a drug is introduce into the bloodstream directly. its either through a single dose or a continuous infusion. THE BEST WAY due to it has an immediate effect but has the GREATEST RISK EFFECTS. 100% bioavailiabilty

Question 19

What is intramuscular

Answer 19

refers to the injecting a drug in the skeletal muscle. this is preferred when the solution is a large amount. the effectiveness depends on the blood supply to the muscle.

Question 20

What is subcutaneous

Answer 20

refers to when the drug is place under the skin. its absorption is slow and constant but limited by blood flow

Question 21

What is intradermal

Answer 21

refers to when the drug is inject int the dermal layer of skin. very similar to the SC.

Question 22

What are the types of mucosal administration

Answer 22

buccal, ocular, vaginal, rectal , nasal, pulmonary, sublinginal

Question 23

What are tablets

Answer 23

contain dried powdered active drug as well as binders and fillers to provide bulk and proper size.

Question 24

What are the types of tables

Answer 24

Scored tablets
enteric tablets 
time released tablets 
Caplets 
Lozenges

Question 25

What are capsules

Answer 25

easy to swallow

Question 26

What are the forms of capsules

Answer 26

soft gelatin and hard shell

Question 27

What are emulsion

Answer 27

creams that are is a semisolid emulsion of oil and water main ingredient water. emulsifying agent added to stabilize the mixture.

Question 28

What are the types

Answer 28

oil in water and water in oil