Autonomic Drugs 2 Flashcards
What is the rate limiting step of tyrosine to Epinephrine
Tyrosine hydrolase and dopamine hydrolase
What do the rate limiting step require
Copper
What are the 5 steps of making norepinephrine
Synthesis, storage, release, receptor binding and removal of NTS
What is the summary of the effects of adrenergic transmission?
Excitation of smooth muscles, such as those in blood vessels supplying skin, kidney, and mucous membranes and on gland cells
Inhibitory action on other types of smooth muscle, such as those in the wall of the GI, in lungs, and in blood vessels feeding skeletal muscle.
A cardiac excitation action that increases heart rate and force of contraction.
Metabolic actions, such as an increase in the rate of glycogenolysis in liver and muscle and the release of free fatty acids from fat tissue.
Endocrine actions, such as modulation of the secretion of hormones such as insulin and renin
Actions in the central nervous system (CNS), such as respiratory stimulation, an increase in wakefulness and psychomotor activity, and a reduction in appetite
Prejunctional actions that either inhibit or facilitate the release of neurotransmitters
What is the classification of adrenergic drugs?
direct-acting, indirect-acting or mixed acting
What are direct acting drugs
act directly on adrenergic receptors. may be selective for a specific receptor
What are indirect acting drugs
increase the levels of NE or E to stimulate adrenergic receptors following several mechanism:
displacing NE from sympathetic nerves
blocking the transport of NE into sympathetic neurons
Inhibition of the metabolic enzymes : MAO or COMT
What are mixed acting drugs
increase the release of NE and also directly activate adrenergic receptors.
What are indication of alpha agonist?
alpha adrenergic receptors activate vascular smooth muscle. this leads to vascular resistance to increase and blood pressure to elevate.
What are examples of alpha 1 agonist
Phenylephrine, Mephentermine and metaraminol. also midodrine
What are the adrenergic receptors?
Alpha and beta
What is the alpha ranking
it depends on it response to isoproterenol. it has a weak response to it but has a high response to NE and E.
What is the function of alpha 1
Vasconstriction Increased peripheral resistance Increased blood pressure mydriasis increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder
What is the function of alpha 2
Inhibition of norepinehrine release
Inhibition of ACh
Inhibition of insulin release
What is the function of beta 1
Tachycardia
Increase in lipolysis
increase myocardial contractility
increased release of renin
