Monoclonal antibodies

Question 1

What are the classes

Answer 1

polyclonal, Monoclonal, humanized, chimeric and chimeric/humanized

Question 2

What are the 4 biological functions of antibodies

Answer 2

Opsonization for less or phagocytosis
Activating complement by Fc
neutralizing toxins
blocking attachment of pathogens to cell or tissues

Question 3

What is the structure of antibodies

Answer 3

What is the structure of antibodies? it consist of 4 polypeptide chains with 2 identical light chains (220 aas) and 2 identical heavy chains (440 aas). the structure is stabilized by a noncovalent bond (disulfide) and it forms the antigen binding surface.

Question 4

What is Fc

Answer 4

is limited in variability and is responsible for the biological activity of the antibody

Question 5

What is Fab

Answer 5

• is made of a variable domain of a heavy chain and variable domain of a light chain and create the diversity in antibodies.

Question 6

What are the 5 classes of antibodies

Answer 6

A,D,E,G, and M with their own class of heavy chain (Alpha, beta, gamma, mu, Epsilon).

Question 7

What are the sources of antibodies

Answer 7

The fc portion of any antibody is species specific so an antibody from murine source ( or any other animal) is recognized as foreign because of the sequence of amino acids in the Fc portion.

Question 8

What are the 2 prominent mABs in the industry of drugs?

Answer 8

Infliximab and Adalimumab that treat inflammatory disease like RA and inflammatory bowel conditions.

Question 9

What is the hybridoma technology?

Answer 9

is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines (called hybridomas) by fusing an antibody-producing B cell with a myeloma (B cell cancer) cell that is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody chain synthesis. The antibodies produced by the hybridoma are all of a single specificity and are therefore monoclonal antibodies (in contrast to polyclonal antibodies

Question 10

What are naked monoclonal Antibodies?

Answer 10

they are enhanced immune response against cancer cells that attach to them indicating as a marker for the body’s immune system to destry them. attaches to and blocks antigen that are important signals for cancer.

Question 11

What are conjugated monoclonal antibodies

Answer 11

monocolonal antibodies mAbs joins to a chemotherapy drug.

Question 12

What are the 2 types of conjugated monoclonal antibodies

Answer 12

Radiolabeled and chemolabled

Question 13

What are radiolabled antibodies

Answer 13

antibodies that have small radioactive particles attached to them. ex. Ibritumomab tiuxeta

Question 14

What are chemolabeled antibodies

Answer 14

attached to powerful chemotherapy drugs. if not attached to a drugs, can lead to many side effects. ex. brentuximab vedotin.

Question 15

What are bispecific monoclonal antibodies

Answer 15

these are drugs that contain parts of 2 different mAbs. they can attach to two different proteins at the same time. ex. Blinatumomab - treats acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 16

What are the pharmockinetics of antibodies

Answer 16

must be given parenterally, half life can be days to weeks, better tolerated than many drugs. no need to worry about the hepatic metabolism.

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action for antibodies

Answer 17

modulation of signaling pathway and blockage of cell surface receptor.

Question 18

What are the Clinical uses of interferons

Answer 18

Alpha- hepatitis B, C, leukemia and melanoma
Beta- MS
Gamma- chronic granulomatous disease

Question 19

What is immunodiagnostic

Answer 19

it is diagnostic methodology that uses an antigen antibody reaction as their primary means of detection used to detect even the smallest of amount of biochemical substances. antibodies specific for a sidesgined antigen can be conjugated with radiolabel, fluorescent labile or color forming enzyme. helped to develop diagnosis of disease, infection, therapeutic monitoring and drugs of abuse.