Adverse Reaction Flashcards
What are the types of adverse reactions
Side effects drug allergy drug complication drug-drug interaction overdosage effect tolerance Potentiation/Antagonism
What are the risk factors
female adult HIV history of asthma polypharmacy renal and live disease alcoholism SLE
What is adverse reactions
an injury caused by taking a medication. ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or result from the combination of two or more drugs.
What are the typically side effects
antibiotics cause diarrhea
antichonergics cause urinary retention
theophylline causes tachycardia
Warfarin causes cerebral hemorrhage
What are the types of reactions for hypersensitivity
Type 1 through type 4
What is type 1 reaction
- type 1 reaction - Involves IgE - mediated by release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. ex. anaphylaxis, allergic rhino conjunctivitis, rash, urticaria, angioedema, PRURITUS
RASH, SWELLING, VOMITING AND DIARRHEA!!!!
What is the type 2 reaction
Type 2 reaction - involves IgG or IgM antiboides bound to cell surface antigens, with subsequent complement action. ex. hemolytic anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
Deficiencies with blood, and platelets!
What is the type 3 reaction
type 3 reactions - invovled circulating antigen antibody immune complexes with subsequent complement acitivation. ex. serum sickness, fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, glomerulonephritis
inflammation of kidney, lymph problems, fever
What is type 4 reaction
Type 4 reactions - mediated by T cells rather than by antibodies. ex. dermatitis from poison ivy or latex allergy.
RASH!!!
What are the common drug that cause hypersensitivity reactions
antibiotics NSAIDS Chemotherapeutic agents Anticonvulsants Anesthetics Antimalarials
What is the treatment for the reactions?
Stop the drug, antihistamine, Corticosteroids and Desensitization
What are the different types of drug rashes?
Morbilliform Urticaria Papular Pustular Bullous
What are idiosyncratic reactions
Idiosyncratic drug reactions, also known as type B reactions, are drug reactions that occur rarely and unpredictably amongst the population. This is not to be mistaken with idiopathic, which implies that the cause is not known. it accounts for 10% of adverse reaction.
What are non-immunologic reaction
drug accumlation side effects idiosyncratic reactions Jarisch Herxheimer reactions SJS TEN Drug to drug interaction
What is dermatosis?
Dermatosis is a term that refers to diseases of the integumentary system. The integumentary system includes everything on the surface of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, and skin glands. “Derma” means skin and “osis” means disease or condition. Any condition affecting the skin could be called a dermatosis. Normally, dermatosis is used for skin conditions that do not involve inflammation (those would be called dermatitis).
What are the types of Dermatosis?
Erythema Multiforme Mortality- 1-2%
Steven Johnson Syndrome - 5%
Toxic Epidermal Necrosis - 20 to 30%
What are cross reaction
Cross-reactivity in allergic reactions occurs when the proteins in one substance (typically pollen) are similar to the proteins found in another substance (typically a food). For example, if you are allergic to birch tree pollen, you may also find that eating apples causes a reaction for you.
What is tolerance
a state of progressively decreased responsiveness to a drug as a result of which a larger dose of the drug is needed to achieve the effect originally obtained by a smaller dose. associated with withdrawal syndromes. up regulation or down regulations of drug receptors
What are the 2 types of dependance
physical
physiological
What is physical dependance
the body has adjusted to the presence of a drug, resulting in withdrawal symptoms when its use stop
What is physiological dependance
characterized by emotional and mental preoccupation with the drugs effects and by a persistent craving for it.
What is genetic polymorphism
it is a a mutation at the level of an enzyme or at the receptor leave. it can be done through dominant or recessive transmission.
What is potentiation
occurs when different drugs affect same intracellular pathway or produce the same effect resulting in synergy
What is antagonism
occurs when a drug opposes the effect of another drug
