Adverse Reaction Flashcards
What are the types of adverse reactions
Side effects drug allergy drug complication drug-drug interaction overdosage effect tolerance Potentiation/Antagonism
What are the risk factors
female adult HIV history of asthma polypharmacy renal and live disease alcoholism SLE
What is adverse reactions
an injury caused by taking a medication. ADRs may occur following a single dose or prolonged administration of a drug or result from the combination of two or more drugs.
What are the typically side effects
antibiotics cause diarrhea
antichonergics cause urinary retention
theophylline causes tachycardia
Warfarin causes cerebral hemorrhage
What are the types of reactions for hypersensitivity
Type 1 through type 4
What is type 1 reaction
- type 1 reaction - Involves IgE - mediated by release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils. ex. anaphylaxis, allergic rhino conjunctivitis, rash, urticaria, angioedema, PRURITUS
RASH, SWELLING, VOMITING AND DIARRHEA!!!!
What is the type 2 reaction
Type 2 reaction - involves IgG or IgM antiboides bound to cell surface antigens, with subsequent complement action. ex. hemolytic anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
Deficiencies with blood, and platelets!
What is the type 3 reaction
type 3 reactions - invovled circulating antigen antibody immune complexes with subsequent complement acitivation. ex. serum sickness, fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, glomerulonephritis
inflammation of kidney, lymph problems, fever
What is type 4 reaction
Type 4 reactions - mediated by T cells rather than by antibodies. ex. dermatitis from poison ivy or latex allergy.
RASH!!!
What are the common drug that cause hypersensitivity reactions
antibiotics NSAIDS Chemotherapeutic agents Anticonvulsants Anesthetics Antimalarials
What is the treatment for the reactions?
Stop the drug, antihistamine, Corticosteroids and Desensitization
What are the different types of drug rashes?
Morbilliform Urticaria Papular Pustular Bullous
What are idiosyncratic reactions
Idiosyncratic drug reactions, also known as type B reactions, are drug reactions that occur rarely and unpredictably amongst the population. This is not to be mistaken with idiopathic, which implies that the cause is not known. it accounts for 10% of adverse reaction.
What are non-immunologic reaction
drug accumlation side effects idiosyncratic reactions Jarisch Herxheimer reactions SJS TEN Drug to drug interaction
What is dermatosis?
Dermatosis is a term that refers to diseases of the integumentary system. The integumentary system includes everything on the surface of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, and skin glands. “Derma” means skin and “osis” means disease or condition. Any condition affecting the skin could be called a dermatosis. Normally, dermatosis is used for skin conditions that do not involve inflammation (those would be called dermatitis).
