Autonomic Drugs 1 Flashcards
What are muscarinic receptors
there are a class of G-protein couple receptors that deal with ACh and muscarine. there are 5 different types of muscarinic receptors but there only ones that are used are M1,2 and 3.
What does M1 control
Gastric parietal cells
What does M2 control
Cardiac cells and smooth muscle
What does M3 control
bladder, exocrine glands, smooth muscle
What are examples of muscarinic receptor agonist
ACh, bethaneochol, carbachol
What is the function of ACh
decrease heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure and more
What is the function bethanechol
increases intestinal motility and tone and detrusor muscle of the bladder. it increases voiding pressure and decrease bladder capacity. treating urinary retention
What is the function of carbachol
used topical for the treatment glaucoma and induction of mitosis during surgery
What is the function pilocarpine
used for the treatment of xerostomia. when used topically for the treatment of glaucoma and as a mitotic agent
What is effective in preventing motion sickness?
Scopolamine
What can the muscarinic antagonist be effective in
antagonist can be effective adjuncts to treatment with levodopa in Parkinson’s to reduce tremors.They are also used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms.
What is the function of ipratropium and tiotropium?
it is used for respiratory conditions like asthma
What is the function of atropine
used to treat bradycardia, GI spasms and in anesthesia as antispasmodic,antidiarrheal, reversal of ache inhibitor OD
What are the top 3 drugs are used for an overactive bladder
Oxybutynin, Tolterodine and tropspium chloride
What is the function of AChe inihibitors
An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (often abbreviated AChEI) or anti-cholinesterase is a chemical that inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are classified as reversible, irreversible, or quasi-irreversible (also called pseudo-irreversible).
What are the 4 conditions that can limit AChe
atony of the smooth muscle of the intestinal tract and urinary bladder
Glaucoma
Myasthenia graves
Alzhemier
What are examples of Reversible inhibitors
Edrophonium tacrine donezephil Pyridostimgine Glalatmine rivastigmine Neostogimine
What are irreversible AChe inhibitors
Organophosphates, nerve gas
What is Endrophonium
it is a prototype short acting AChe inhibitor that is used to differentiate between Myasthenia Gravis and cholinergic crisis.it works by binding to the active center of AChe to prevent the hydrolysis of ACh.
What is physistogimine
is a acid ester that is found in plants and is a substrate for AChe and it stimulates muscarinic and nicotinic sites in the ANS and is used to increase intestinal and bladder motility. it can also be used to treat glaucoma but PILOCARPINE is more effective. also used for overdoses of drug with the anticholingeric actions.
What is Neostigmine
is a synthetic compound that reversibly inhibits AChe. it can affect the skeletal muscle and does not enter the CNS or get absorbed by the GI tract. it stimulates the bloodier and GI tract. it is also used to treat Myasthenia Gravis.
What is pyridostigmine and ambenonium
they are other cholinesterase inhibitors that are used to help chronic management of myasthenia gravis.
What are the classes of neuromuscular blocking agents
Depolarizing and competitive non-competitive
What is the function of Neuromuscular blocking agents
paralyze skeletal muscle by blocking neurotransmission through nicotinic ACh receptors. it causes an initial depolarization to make cells refractory to further stimulation. They compete directly with the ACh at it s receptor.
What is the function of the ganglionic neurotransmission?
The primary step is the release of ACh and the rapid depolarization of postsynaptic membranes via the activation of nicotinic (Nn) receptors by Ach /
What are the 4 steps of ganglion neurotransmission
An initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP, via nicotinic receptors) that leads to an action potential
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors
A secondary slow EPSP mediated by M1 muscarinic receptors
A late, slow EPSP
What is the manifestation of excessive cholinergic stimulation?
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchoconstriction Excitation Lacmiation Salivatoin Sweating
