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Pharm > Autonomic Drugs 1 > Flashcards

Autonomic Drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are muscarinic receptors

A

there are a class of G-protein couple receptors that deal with ACh and muscarine. there are 5 different types of muscarinic receptors but there only ones that are used are M1,2 and 3.

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2
Q

What does M1 control

A

Gastric parietal cells

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3
Q

What does M2 control

A

Cardiac cells and smooth muscle

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4
Q

What does M3 control

A

bladder, exocrine glands, smooth muscle

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5
Q

What are examples of muscarinic receptor agonist

A

ACh, bethaneochol, carbachol

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6
Q

What is the function of ACh

A

decrease heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure and more

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7
Q

What is the function bethanechol

A

increases intestinal motility and tone and detrusor muscle of the bladder. it increases voiding pressure and decrease bladder capacity. treating urinary retention

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8
Q

What is the function of carbachol

A

used topical for the treatment glaucoma and induction of mitosis during surgery

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9
Q

What is the function pilocarpine

A

used for the treatment of xerostomia. when used topically for the treatment of glaucoma and as a mitotic agent

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10
Q

What is effective in preventing motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine

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11
Q

What can the muscarinic antagonist be effective in

A

antagonist can be effective adjuncts to treatment with levodopa in Parkinson’s to reduce tremors.They are also used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms.

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12
Q

What is the function of ipratropium and tiotropium?

A

it is used for respiratory conditions like asthma

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13
Q

What is the function of atropine

A

used to treat bradycardia, GI spasms and in anesthesia as antispasmodic,antidiarrheal, reversal of ache inhibitor OD

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14
Q

What are the top 3 drugs are used for an overactive bladder

A

Oxybutynin, Tolterodine and tropspium chloride

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15
Q

What is the function of AChe inihibitors

A

An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (often abbreviated AChEI) or anti-cholinesterase is a chemical that inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are classified as reversible, irreversible, or quasi-irreversible (also called pseudo-irreversible).

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16
Q

What are the 4 conditions that can limit AChe

A

atony of the smooth muscle of the intestinal tract and urinary bladder

Glaucoma

Myasthenia graves

Alzhemier

17
Q

What are examples of Reversible inhibitors

A 
Edrophonium 
tacrine 
donezephil 
Pyridostimgine 
Glalatmine 
rivastigmine 
Neostogimine
18
Q

What are irreversible AChe inhibitors

A

Organophosphates, nerve gas

19
Q

What is Endrophonium

A

it is a prototype short acting AChe inhibitor that is used to differentiate between Myasthenia Gravis and cholinergic crisis.it works by binding to the active center of AChe to prevent the hydrolysis of ACh.

20
Q

What is physistogimine

A

is a acid ester that is found in plants and is a substrate for AChe and it stimulates muscarinic and nicotinic sites in the ANS and is used to increase intestinal and bladder motility. it can also be used to treat glaucoma but PILOCARPINE is more effective. also used for overdoses of drug with the anticholingeric actions.

21
Q

What is Neostigmine

A

is a synthetic compound that reversibly inhibits AChe. it can affect the skeletal muscle and does not enter the CNS or get absorbed by the GI tract. it stimulates the bloodier and GI tract. it is also used to treat Myasthenia Gravis.

22
Q

What is pyridostigmine and ambenonium

A

they are other cholinesterase inhibitors that are used to help chronic management of myasthenia gravis.

23
Q

What are the classes of neuromuscular blocking agents

A

Depolarizing and competitive non-competitive

24
Q

What is the function of Neuromuscular blocking agents

A

paralyze skeletal muscle by blocking neurotransmission through nicotinic ACh receptors. it causes an initial depolarization to make cells refractory to further stimulation. They compete directly with the ACh at it s receptor.

25
Q

What is the function of the ganglionic neurotransmission?

A

The primary step is the release of ACh and the rapid depolarization of postsynaptic membranes via the activation of nicotinic (Nn) receptors by Ach /

26
Q

What are the 4 steps of ganglion neurotransmission

A

An initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP, via nicotinic receptors) that leads to an action potential
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) mediated by M2 muscarinic receptors
A secondary slow EPSP mediated by M1 muscarinic receptors
A late, slow EPSP

27
Q

What is the manifestation of excessive cholinergic stimulation?

A 
Diarrhea 
Urination
Miosis 
Bradycardia 
Bronchoconstriction 
Excitation 
Lacmiation 
Salivatoin 
Sweating

Pharm (14 decks)

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