Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3 REPRO > ovarian tumours > Flashcards

ovarian tumours Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main subtypes of ovarian tumour

A

epithelial
germ cell
stromal/sex cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the main types of epithelial ovarian tumour

A 
serous 
mucinous 
endometrioid
transitional (Brenner)
clear cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the main types of sex cord/stromal tumours

A 
theca
fibroma 
fibrothecoma 
sertoli cell
leydig cell
granulosa cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the main types of germ cell ovarian tumour

A 
teratoma 
dysgerminoma 
choriocarcinoma 
yolk sac 
embryonal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the commonest type of ovarian tumour

A

epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is commonest epithelial ovarian tumour

A

serous tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are serous ovarian tumour most commonly malignant or benign

A

benign (60%)
borderline (15%)
malignant (25%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

malignant serous carcinoma occurs in which age group

A

older patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

serous ovarian tumour are histologically similar to

A

normal fallopian tubal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are serous ovarian tumours classified

A

benign: no cellular proliferation or invasion
borderline: cellular proliferation and minor nuclear atypia without invasion
malignant: cellular proliferation and nuclear atypia and stroll invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

radiographic features of serous ovarian tumours

A

unilocular (single cyst)
homogenous
bilateral
psammomatous calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what features suggest malignancy over benign cystic neoplasia

A 
large cystic mass
thick irregular walls and septa 
papillary projections 
large soft tissue component
ascites 
evidence of invasive spread or adenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

radiographic features of mucinous tumours

A

larger than serous
multilocular with small cystic components
calcification not very common
unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endometrioid tumours tend to be benign/malignant

A

malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

‘appearance of tubular glands and bears a strong resemblance to the endometrium’

A

endometrioid tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gross morphological appearance of endometrioid tumour

A

mass with solid and cystic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

peak age for clear cell tumour

A

55 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gross appearance of clear cell tumour

A

large unilocular cystic mass with protruding solid nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

are clear cell tumours more likely to be benign or malignant

A

malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

are mucinous tumours likely to be benign or malignant

A

benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brenner cell tumour re histologically similar to which other type of epithelium

A

urothelium (transitional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

radiographic features of Brenner tumour

A

multilocular cystic mass with solid component or mostly solid mass

usually small

often lack of invasion

calcification is common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are Brenner tumour mostly benign or malignant

A

benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

germ cell tumours are more common in which age group

A

children and adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the commonest primary benign tumour of the ovary and commonest germ cell tumour

A

teratoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the two main subtypes of teratoma

A

mature

immature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

mature ovarian teratoma is also known as

A

dermoid cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

teratomas are best assessed with which imaging modality

A

USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

clinical presentation of mature teratoma

A

tend to be asymptomatic

can predispose to ovarian torsion (acute pelvic pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the criteria of a teratoma

A

well-differentiated derivations from at least two of;
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how do teratomas appear on USS

A

cystic adnexal mass with some mural components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

at which point is resection of mature teratoma recommended

A

7 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

complications of mature teratoma

A

ovarian torsion
rupture
malignant transformation (SCC)
superimposed infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

immature teratoma are most common in which age group

A

first two decades

35
Q

how do immature teratomas differ from mature teratomas

A

presence of immature or embryonic tissue

more immature tissue = higher grade

36
Q

macroscopic appearance of immature teratoma

A

large, encapsulated mass with prominent solid component

features such as hair, cartilage, bone, calcification

37
Q

which markers are associated with immature teratoma

A

elevated serum AFP

38
Q

where can immature teratomas metastasise to

A

peritoneum, liver, lung

39
Q

treatment of immature teratoma

A

oophorectomy

post-op chemo if distant mets

40
Q

what is the most common malignant germ cell tumour

A

dysgerminoma

41
Q

dysgerminomas typically affect which age group

A

2nd-3rd decade

42
Q

macroscopic appearance of dysgerminoma

A

solid

multilobulated

43
Q

yolk sac tumour affect which age group

A

2nd decade

44
Q

macroscopic appearance of yolk sac tumour

A

well-encapsulate round to oval mass

45
Q

markers associated with yolk sac tumours

A

AFP

46
Q

radiographic features of yolk sac tumour

A

large, complex pelvic mass that extends into the abdomen

contains solid and cystic components

47
Q

prognosis of yolk sac tumour

A

early lymphatic spread and invasion

fast growing

48
Q

are yolk sac tumours benign or malignant

A

malignant

49
Q

are embryonal tumours benign or malignant

A

malignant

50
Q

average age of embryonal tumour

A

14 years

51
Q

clinical presentation of embryonal tumour

A

precocious puberty

menstrual irregularity

52
Q

markers for embryonal tumour

A

b-hCG

AFP

53
Q

treatment of embryonal tumour

A

salpingo-oophrxectomy and chemo

54
Q

choriocarcinoma are formed from what type of tissue

A

placental trophoblastic tissue

55
Q

choriocarcinoma most commonly occur during

A

pregnancy

56
Q

gestational choriocarcinoma show what kind of spread

A

haematogenous

57
Q

radiographic features of choriocarcinoma

A

vascular solid tumours with cystic, haemorrhage and necrotic areas

58
Q

what is the mainstay of treatment of choriocarcinoma

A

chemo

59
Q

are fibromas benign or malignant

A

benign

60
Q

what age group get fibroma

A

middle aged

61
Q

fibromas are composed of what cell type

A

spindle cells forming variable amounts of collagen

62
Q

appearance of fibroma

A

chalky-white surface with a whorled appearance similar to fibrosis

63
Q

what is Meigs syndrome

A

ovarian fibroma with ascites and pleural effusion

64
Q

fibrothecoma occur in which age group

A

mostly postmenopausal women

65
Q

why might a patient with fibrothecoma present with abnormal bleeding and endometrial hyperplasia

A

theca component of tumour can produce oestrogen

66
Q

what types of tissue are in a fibrothecoma

A

fibrous tissue

thecal cells

67
Q

why are thecomas described as functional ovarian tumours

A

they secrete oestrogen

68
Q

thecfmas affect which age group

A

postmenopausal women

69
Q

clinical presentation of thecoma

A

uterine bleeding

70
Q

microscopic appearance of thecoma

A

swollen lipid-laden stromal cells with a small component of fibroblasts

71
Q

sertoli-leydig tumours present in which age group

A

<30

mean age 14

72
Q

clinical presentation

A

virilisation

abdominal pain/mass

73
Q

clinical presentation of granulosa cell tumour

A

nonspecific symptoms (abdo pain, distension, bloating)

uterine bleeding

74
Q

granulosa cell tumours secrete…

A

oestrogen
inhibin
mullerian inhibiting substance

75
Q

granulosa cell tumours may be associated with…

A

endometrial hyperplasia
endometrial polyps
endometrial carcinoma

76
Q

CA-125 is elevated in…

A

most ovarian malignancies

77
Q

AFP levels are elevated in…

A

immature ovarian teratomas

yolk sac tumours

78
Q

b=HCG is raised in…

A

some dysgerminomas

79
Q

genetic predispositions to ovarian cancer

A

BRCA1/2

Lynch syndrome

80
Q

stage 1 ovarian cancer

A

limited to ovaries

1a: one ovary
1b: two ovaries
1c: 1/2 ovaries with rupture/surface spread

81
Q

stage 2 ovarian cancer

A

one or both ovaries with pelvic extension

2a: extension to uterus/Fallopian tubes
2b: other pelvic intraperitoneal tissues

82
Q

stage 3 ovarian cancer

A

1/2 ovaries or Fallopian tubes with spread to peritoneum outside the pelvis/mets to retroperitoneal nodes

3a: nodes only
3b: mets <2 cm
3c: mets >2 cm

83
Q

stage 4 ovarian cancer

A

distant mets

4a: pleural effusion
4b: distant mets

3 REPRO (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions