nutrition and pregnancy Flashcards
fertility in underweight females
reduced fertility
more than twice as likely to take more than a year to get pregnant
hormone imbalances affect ovulation
fertility in obese females
reduced fertility
less chance of getting pregnant
more likely to take more than a year to get pregnant
affects the HPO axis
more likely to suffer oligo-/anovulation
impairs endometrial development and implantation
PCOS
risks of obesity and pregnancy for the mother
reduced fertility
higher risk of miscarriage
higher risk of gestational diabetes
higher risk of pre-eclampsia
risks of obesity in pregnancy for the foetus
higher risk of stillbirth
higher risk of metabolic abnormalities
higher risk of foetal defects
risk of obesity in pregnancy for the offspring
higher risk of high birth weights and long term obesity
higher risk of diabetes
higher risk of cardio-metabolic abnormalities
how any extra calories does a woman need to eat when pregnant
250-300 a day
what supplements should be taken during pregnancy and when?
400 micrograms folic acid pre-conception and first trimester
10 micrograms vitamin D through pregnancy and continuation if breast feeding
which groups should take a higher dose of folic acid (5 mg)
obese women
diabetics
history of baby with NTD or FHx
on anti epileptics
maternal risks of vitamin D deficiency
osteomalacia pre-eclampsia gestational diabetes c-section bacterial vaginosis
foetal irks of vit D deficiency
SGA
neonatal hypocalcaemia
asthma/respiratory infection
rickets
risks for iron deficiency in pregnancy
young age at first pregnancy
repeated pregnancies
multiple pregnancies
risks of iron deficiency in pregnancy
increased risk of still-birth
foods to avoid in pregnancy
soft cheese undercooked meat, cured meat, game tuna raw/partially cooked eggs pate liver vitamin and fish oil supplements
increase in calories when exclusively breastfeeding
640 cal
