Ovarian Disease

Question 1

What is PCOS?

Answer 1

polycystic ovarian disease

Question 2

What does PCOS comprise of?

Answer 2

hyperandrogenism
oligo-ovulation
polycystic ovaries on USS

Question 3

What are you at risk of developing in PCOS?

Answer 3

diabetes

Question 4

What happens when ovulation doesn’t occur in PCOS?

Answer 4

cysts form

Question 5

How does PCOS present?

Answer 5

acne
male pattern baldness
hirsutism
sub fertility

Question 6

What are some examples of benign ovarian tumours?

Answer 6

usually cystic

germ cell tumours e.g. mature teratomas (contain hair, teeth etc)

Question 7

How do ovarian cysts present?

Answer 7

asymptomatic
mass
bleeding and pain if they rupture

Question 8

How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?

Answer 8

USS

FNA

Question 9

What are the most common type of ovarian cysts?

Answer 9

follicular

Question 10

What are the majority of ovarian malignancies?

Answer 10

adenocarcinomas

Question 11

What are the 4 types of ovarian cancer?

Answer 11

clear cell
serous
endometriod
mutinous

Question 12

What is clear cell ovarian cancer associated with?

Answer 12

Lynch syndrome

Question 13

How does ovarian cancer present?

Answer 13

mass
pressure symptoms 
GI things - early satiety, bloating, constipation, IBS symptoms
insidious onset - late presentation 
fatigue, weight loss

Question 14

What are some risk factors for ovarian cancer?

Answer 14

BRCA 
60-70
smoking
family history 
old skinny bloated ladies with no babies :(

Question 15

What are the investigations for ovarian cancer?

Answer 15

serum Ca 125
CEA - rules out bowel cancer
USS
CT - mets

Question 16

What is the staging for ovarian cancer?

Answer 16

stage 1 - limited to ovary
stage 2 - limited to pelvis
stage 3 - abdomen
stage 4 - mets

Question 17

What is the treatment of ovarian cancer?

Answer 17

surgery
chemo
tamoxifen