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Obs and Gynae > Breast Disease > Flashcards

Breast Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is gynaecomastia?

A

breast development in males

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2
Q

What can cause gynaecomastia?

A

cannabis
exo/endogenous hormones
prescription drugs e.g. spironolactone
liver disease

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3
Q

What is fibrocystic change?

A

cysts with intervening fibrosis

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4
Q

How does fibrocystic change present?

A

incidental finding/screening
smooth discrete lumps
cyclical pain
sudden pain

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5
Q

What can cause fibrocystic change?

A

menstrual abnormalities e.g. early menarche, late menopause

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6
Q

How is fibrocystic change treated?

A

often resolve/diminish post menopause
reassure/exclude malignancy
excise if necessary

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7
Q

How do fibroadenoma present?

A

incidental finding/screening

painless, discrete, mobile, firm mass

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8
Q

How are fibroadenomas treated?

A

diagnose and reassure

excise if necessary

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9
Q

What are fibroadenomas?

A

benign breast lumps

biphasic - stromal and epithelial tissue

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10
Q

How are breast lumps investigated?

A

triple assessment

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11
Q

What is triple assessment?

A

1 - history and exam
2 - imaging - USS, mammogram
3 - cytology/histology (FNA, core biopsy)

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12
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

benign breast lesion
cell types normal to breast but in high numbers
painless lump
diagnose and reassure

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of sclerosing lesions?

A

radial scar

sclerosing adenosis

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14
Q

What is a radial scar?

A

benign, disorderly proliferation of acini and stroma

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15
Q

How do sclerosing lesions mimic carcinoma?

A

calcification on mammogram

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16
Q

How does a radial scar present?

A

mass

incidental finding - calcification on Mx

17
Q

How are sclerosis lesions treated?

A

excise them

18
Q

How does sclerosing adenosis present?

A

lumpiness
mass
pain, tenderness
incidental finding

19
Q

What is duct ectasia associated with?

A

smoking

20
Q

What is duct ectasia?

A

periductal inflammation and fibrosis

21
Q

How does duct ectasia present?

A

nipple retraction, distortion, discharge (bloody, purulent)

pain

22
Q

How do you treat duct ectasia?

A

excise ducts
smoking cessation
treat acute infections

23
Q

What is fat necrosis?

A

damage and disruption of adipocytes

infiltration by acute inflame cells causing fibrosis and scarring

24
Q

What can cause fat necrosis?

A

warfarin

local trauma e.g. seatbelt injury

25
Q

How does fat necrosis present? How is it treated?

A

lump

reassure

26
Q

What are the 2 main aetiologies of acute mastitis?

A

duct ectasia

lactation

27
Q

What are the symptoms of acute mastitis?

A 
pain 
redness
swelling 
warmth of breast 
fever and chills
28
Q

What is the treatment of acute mastitis?

A

lactation - fluclox and advise to continue breastfeeding

antibiotics, incision and drainage if abscess

Obs and Gynae (27 decks)

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