Menopause Flashcards
What is menopause?
the time of waning fertility leading up to the last period
ovaries gradually produce less and less oestrogen
Why is there increased circulating LH and FSH in menopause?
as there are fewer oocytes and follicles responding to them to produce oestrogen
When is classified as premature menopause?
<40
When is classified as early menopause?
<45
When is classified as late menopause?
> 54
What are the symptoms of menopause?
menstrual irregularity sweats, palpitations, hot flushes atrophy of breasts, genitalia vaginal dryness osteoporosis mood swings, irritability, forgetful, difficulty concentrating
Why does a single increased LH and FSH not confirm diagnosis?
as they increase prior to ovulation, while breast feeding and while stopping CCP and depot
What is the treatment of menopause?
conservative - weight loss, decrease caffeine, exercise, diet
treat symptoms
HRT
How is menorrhagia treated in menopause?
mefenamic acid tranexamic acid progesterones endometrial ablation hysterectomy
How are hot flushes treated?
clonidine
How is vaginal dryness treated?
local oestrogen
What are the benefits of HRT?
symptom control
better QoL
decreased bowel cancer, decreased osteoporotic fractures
What are the risks of HRT?
VTE
CVA
breast cancer
