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Obs and Gynae > Anatomy - Female Reproductive System and the Breast > Flashcards

Anatomy - Female Reproductive System and the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What components of the female reproductive system lie in the pelvic cavity?

A

Ovaries

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Superior part of vagina

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2
Q

What components of the female reproductive system make up the perineum?

A

Inferior part of vagina

Perineal muscles

Bartholin’s glands

Clitoris

labia

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3
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pouch of douglas? (rectouterine pouch)

A

Excess abnormal fluid within the peritoneal cavity tends to collect here (most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity in anatomical position)

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4
Q

What are the two pouches the peritoneum forms?

A

vesico-uterine

recto-uterine (pouch of douglas)

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5
Q

What forms the floor of the peritnoeal cavity and the roof over pelvic organs?

A

the inferior part of parietal peritoneum

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6
Q

How can fluid collection in the pouch of douglas be drained?

A

A needle passed through the posterior fornix of the vagina

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7
Q

Label the 2 pouches.

A
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8
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

double layer of peritoneum

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9
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus do?

A

helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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10
Q

What does the broad ligament of the uterus contain in it?

A

the uterine tubes and the proximal part of the round ligament

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11
Q

Label this diagram

A
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12
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

An embryological remnant

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13
Q

Where is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

It extends between the uterus and the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis

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14
Q

Where does the round ligament attach? Where does it pass through?

A

To the lateral aspect of the uterus

Passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of female perineum

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15
Q

What are the 3 parts of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

mesometrium - uterus

mesosalpinx - tubes

mesovarium - ovary

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16
Q

How is the uterus held in position?

A

Levels of support:

number of strong ligaments (e.g. uterosacral ligaments)

endopelvic fascia

muscles of pelvis floor (e.g. levator ani)

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17
Q

What happens with weakness of the uterine supports?

A

Uterine prolapse - movement of the uterus inferiorly

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18
Q

What are the 3 layers of the body of the uterus?

A

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

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19
Q

What layer of the uterus is shed during the menstrual cycle?

A

endometrium

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20
Q

Where does implantation of the zygote occur?

A

Body of uterus

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21
Q

Label this diagram.

A
22
Q

What is the most common position of the uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

23
Q

What is normal variation for the position of the uterus?

A

retroverted and retroflexed

24
Q

What must be sampled in a cervical smear?

A

the squamocolumnar junction (transformation zone)

25
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

the ampulla

26
Q

Label this diagram of a fallopian tube.

A
27
Q

Where is there comminucation between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity?

A

The fimbirated end of the uterine tubes - they open into the peritoneal cavity

28
Q

Where do the ovaries develop?

A

On the posterior abdominal wall and move onto lateral wall of the pelvis

29
Q

What are the 4 parts of the fornix?

A

anterior

posterior

2 lateral

30
Q

What is a fornix?

A

The space around the cervix where the cervix holds the vagina walls apart

31
Q

Where can ischial spines be palpated on vaginal examination?

A

4 and 8 oclock

32
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin

33
Q

What forms the majority of the pelvix diaphragm?

A

levator ani muscle

34
Q

What does the levator ani muscle do?

A

provides continual support for the pelvic organs

  • tonic contraction
35
Q

What is the innervation of levator ani?

A

S2,3,4 sacral plexus

36
Q

What nerve supplies the perineal muscles?

A

pudendal nerve

37
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

A bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue

attachment of: external anal sphnicter, external urethral sphincter, bulbospongious, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles, levator ani

Located just deep to skin

38
Q

What could an enlarged Bartholin’s gland indicate?

A

infection

39
Q

Where does the bed of breast extend?

A

from ribs 2-6

lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line

40
Q

Where is the retromammary space?

A

Lies between fascia and breast

41
Q

Where do the breasts lie?

A

On deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

42
Q

Where does lymph from the breast drain to?

A

Most to ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes then to supraclavicular nodes

inner breast quadrants: can drain to parasternal

lower inner breast quadrants: can drain to abdominal

43
Q

Where does lymph from the upper limb drain to? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

If axillary nodes are removed (axillary node clearance) in treatment for breast cancer, can result in lymphedema

44
Q

How is the extent of axillary clearance desrcibed?

A

‘levels’

the position of each can be described in relation to pectoralis minor

1 - inferior and lateral to

2 - deep to

3 - superior and medial to

45
Q

What does the pyramidal passageway between arm and chest contain?

A

brachial plexus branches

axillary artery and vein (and branches and tributaries)

axillary lymph nodes

46
Q

What is the blood supply to the female breast? What is the venous drainage?

A

medial breast - internal thoracic artery (From subclavian)

lateral breast - axillary artery

venous drainage - axillary and thoracic veins

47
Q

Label this diagram.

A
48
Q

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

levator ani and coccygeus

levator ani: pubococcygeus + iliococcygeus

49
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands in the male? What glands are homologous in females? Where are they?

A

deep pouch

Batholin’s glands - in superficial pouch

50
Q

What are the spinal nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2, S3, S4

keeps the poo off the floor

51
Q

Label the colours in this diagram.

A

Obs and Gynae (27 decks)

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