outbreak Flashcards
what is a HAI
infection catch when receivng healthcare
generally an infection acquired after being in hosp for >48hrs
most common types of infection in hospital
urine
post surgical
skin infections
sickness and diarrhoea
outbreak definition
2 or more cases of an infection linked in time and place
chain of infection
infectious agent reservoir portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host
infectious agent examples
bacteria
virus
fungi
prion
reservoir examples
human equipment environment food animals
portal of exit examples
blood + body fluids
skin scales/wounds
coughing
sneezing
mode of transmission examples
direct or indirect
inhalation
ingestion contaminated food
portal of entry examples
skin/surgical wounds eyes or mouth resp tract intestinal tract tubes
suseptible host examples
immunocompromise
drugs or diseases
tubes
transmission based precautions
droplet gloves aprons masks eye protection
cleaning
physical removal of organic material
decrease in microbial load
essential prior to disinfection and sterilisation
disinfection
large reduction in microbe numbers - spores may remain
sterilisation
removal/destruction of all microbes and spores
low risk
intact skin contact e.g. stethoscope, cot, mattress
cleaning compatible with manufacturers instructoins
