malaria Flashcards
most severe + dangerous
p. falciparum
spread through?
female anopheles mosquito
types
p falciparum (worst)
p vivax
p ovale
p malariae
life cycle
- mosquito bites infected person
- malaria reproduces in mosquito’s blood producing sporozoites
- sporozites injected into blood of next mosquito feed
- sporozites travel to liver of new host and mature into merozites
- merozites enter RBCs and reproduce over 48hrs
- RBCs rupture and release more merozoites into blood and have haemolytic anaemia
fever in malaria
high fever spikes every 48hrs (reproductive cycle merozoites)
presentation
lived/travelled to area of malaria
incubation is 1-4wks
symptoms
fevers, sweats malaise myalgia headache vomit
signs
pallor - anaemia
hepatosplenomegaly
jaundice
diagnosis
malaria blood film
mx - uncomplicated malaria
- riamet (artemether with lumefantrine)
- malarone
- quinine sulphate
- doxycycline
Mx - severe or complicated malaria
- artesunate (best but not licensed)
2. quinine dihydrochloride
P flaciparum complications
cerebral malaria seizures reduced consciousness AKI pulmonary oedema DIC severe haemolytic anaemia
prophylaxis - general advice
use mosquito spray e.g. 50% DEET
use mosquito sleep nets
take antimalarials are directed
prophylaxis: malarone
proguanil + atovaquone
take daily 2 days before, during and 1wk after being in endemic area
prophylaxis: mefloquine
taken once weekly 2wks before, during and 4wks after being in endemic area
