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Pathology > Other TB infections > Flashcards

Other TB infections Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the form of miliary TB

A

Severe

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2
Q

Describe the spread that causes miliary TB

A

Hematogenous

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3
Q

Describe the dose of bacteria which is spread in miliary TB

A

Large

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4
Q

Describe the immunity of the patient which has miliary TB

A

Very low

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5
Q

Describe the occurrence of the foci when cut section and outer surfaces of all organs is done

A

Multiple

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6
Q

Describe their shape

A

Rounded

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7
Q

Describe their size

A

Equal

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8
Q

Describe their color

A

Yellowish

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9
Q

What are the small foci related to?

A

Blood vessels

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10
Q

What are these small foci not surrounded by?

A

Red zone

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11
Q

What is this red zone of?

A

Hyperaemia

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12
Q

What is seen under the microscope in miliary TB? (2 points)

A

Tubercles

Central caseation

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13
Q

Describe this caseation

A

Central

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14
Q

What are the cells seen under the microscope in miliary TB?

A

Langhans giant cells

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15
Q

Describe the number of these Langhans giant cells

A

Few

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16
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of Miliary TB?

A

Pyaemic abscesses

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17
Q

Describe the prognosis of Miliary TB

A

Fatal

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18
Q

What occurs in the primary skin TB?

A

Primary skin complex

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19
Q

What is the secondary skin TB a part of?

A

Miliary TB

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20
Q

Which miliary TB is the secondary skin TB a part of?

A

Generalized

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21
Q

What occurs in the secondary skin TB?

A

Lupus vulgaris

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22
Q

Describe Lupus vulgaris

A

Infection

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23
Q

Describe this infection

A

Hematogenous

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24
Q

Where does this hematogenous infection mainly occur in?

A

Face

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25
Q

Describe the shape of the TB ulcer

A

Irregular

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26
Q

Describe the edge of the TB ulcer

A

Undermined

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27
Q

What occurs in the edge of the TB ulcer?

A

Destruction

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28
Q

Which layer is this destruction more in?

A

Deeper

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29
Q

Describe the margin of the TB ulcer

A

Cyanotic

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30
Q

Describe the shape of this margin

A

Irregular

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31
Q

What occurs in the floor of the TB ulcer?

A

Caseation

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32
Q

What occurs in the base of the TB ulcer?

A

Fibrosis

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33
Q

Describe this base

A

Indurated

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34
Q

What does the TB ulcer show under the microscope? (2 points)

A

Tubercle

Caseation

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35
Q

What are the 2 differential diagnosis of the TB ulcer?

A

Syphilitic

Malignant ulcers

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36
Q

How does the bacteria enter the intestine in TB enteritis?

A

Swallowed

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37
Q

How many organs are rarely affected by the swallowing of bacteria?

A

3

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38
Q

What are the 3 organs that are rarely affected by the swallowing of the bacteria?

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus

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39
Q

What makes these 3 organs rarely affected by the swallowing of the bacteria?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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40
Q

What is another organ that isn’t affected by the swallowing of the bacteria?

A

Stomach

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41
Q

What feature of the stomach doesn’t make it affected by the swallowing of the bacteria?

A

Acidity

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42
Q

Describe the dose needed as a result

A

Large

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43
Q

What is this large dose needed to reach?

A

Intestine

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44
Q

What are the 2 types of intestinal TB?

A

Primary

Secondary

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45
Q

What is the type of the primary intestinal TB?

A

Childhood

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46
Q

What causes the primary intestinal TB?

A

Ingestion

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47
Q

What is ingested, causing primary intestinal TB?

A

TB bacteria

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48
Q

What is this TB bacteria of?

A

Bovine

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49
Q

Where is this bovine TB bacteria found in?

A

Milk

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50
Q

What is formed in the primary intestinal TB?

A

Primary intestinal complex

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51
Q

What is this primary intestinal complex formed of? (3 points)

A

Intestinal parenchymatous lesion
TB Lymphangitis
TB Lymphadenitis

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52
Q

What occurs in this intestinal parenchymatous lesion?

A

Engulfment

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53
Q

What is engulfed?

A

TB bacteria

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54
Q

What is this TB bacteria engulfed by?

A

Macrophage

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55
Q

What are these macrophages of?

A

Peyer’s patches

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56
Q

What is this engulfment followed by?

A

Tubercle formation

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57
Q

What does this tubercle formation undergo?

A

Ulceration

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58
Q

What occurs in the TB Lymphadenitis?

A

Tabes mesenterica

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59
Q

What is affected in Tabes mesenterica?

A

Mesenteric LNs

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60
Q

How are the Mesenteric LNs affected in Tabes mesenterica?

A

Enlarged

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61
Q

What then happens to the Mesenteric LNs?

A

Fuse together

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62
Q

Describe the fusion of the Mesenteric LNs

A

Matted

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63
Q

What causes these Mesenteric LNs fuse together?

A

Peri-lymphadenitis

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64
Q

What is the good fate of the primary intestinal TB?

A

Healing

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65
Q

What is the bad fate of the primary intestinal TB?

A

Spread

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66
Q

How many types in which the primary intestinal TB spread by?

A

3

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67
Q

What are the 3 types in which the primary intestinal TB spread by?

A

Local
Lymphatic
Blood

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68
Q

How many local sites does the primary intestinal TB spread to?

A

2

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69
Q

What are the 2 local sites in which the primary intestinal TB spread to?

A

Peritoneum

Fallopian tube

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70
Q

What is the lymphatic site in which the primary intestinal TB spread to?

A

Other LNs

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71
Q

What is an example of the blood spread of the primary intestinal TB spread to?

A

Miliary TB

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72
Q

What are another sites in which the primary intestinal TB spread to?

A

Natural passages

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73
Q

What causes secondary intestinal TB?

A

Swallowing of sputum

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74
Q

Which patients get secondary intestinal TB due to swallowing of sputum?

A

Those with pulmonary TB

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75
Q

Where does the secondary intestinal TB start in?

A

Peyer’s patches

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76
Q

What does the secondary intestinal TB start in the Peyer’s patches as?

A

TB reaction

77
Q

What occurs in this TB reaction?

A

Destruction

78
Q

What does this TB reaction destroy? (2 points)

A

Submucosa

Mucosa

79
Q

What is formed as a result of this destruction?

A

Ulcer

80
Q

Where is this ulcer?

A

Parallel to the long axis of the intestine

81
Q

What does this ulcer later take the shape of?

A

Peyer’s patches

82
Q

What does this ulcer do so that it takes the shape of the Peyer’s patches later?

A

Extension

83
Q

Where does this ulcer extend in?

A

Lymphatic vessels

84
Q

What shape does this ulcer take when it extends in the lymphatic vessels?

A

Girdle

85
Q

What does this ulcer do so that it takes the shape of the girdle?

A

Encircles the bowl

86
Q

Describe the axis of this ulcer that encircles the bowl

A

Perpendicular

87
Q

What is the axis of this ulcer perpendicular to?

A

The axis of the intestine

88
Q

Describe the ulcer which its axis perpendicular to the axis of the intestine

A

Transverse

89
Q

Describe the margin of this ulcer

A

Cyanotic

90
Q

Describe the shape of the margin of this ulcer

A

Irregular

91
Q

Describe the edge of this ulcer

A

Undermined

92
Q

Describe the floor of this ulcer

A

Caseous

93
Q

Describe the color of the floor of this ulcer

A

Yellow

94
Q

Describe the base of this ulcer

A

Indurated

95
Q

What does the peritoneal covering of this ulcer show?

A

Multiple tubercles

96
Q

What is not affected in this ulcer?

A

LN

97
Q

What is seen in this ulcer under the microscope?

A

Tubercles

98
Q

What are the 6 complications of the intestinal TB?

A 
Hemorrhage
Intestinal obstruction 
Fecal fistula
Perforation
Spread
Amyloidosis
99
Q

What are the 2 sites in which the intestinal TB can spread to?

A

Peritoneum

Fallopian tubes

100
Q

What is the TB Lymphadenitis a common cause of?

A

Lymphadenopathy

101
Q

Where does the Lymphadenopathy occur in?

A

Children

102
Q

What is the TB Lymphadenitis a part of, which is considered as a mode of infection?

A

Primary complex

103
Q

What is a type of spread which is considered as a mode of infection?

A

Lymphatic

104
Q

Describe another spread which is considered as a mode of infection

A

Hematogenous

105
Q

Describe the prevalence of this hematogenous spread

A

Rare

106
Q

Describe the LN in TB Lymphadenitis

A

Enlarged

107
Q

Describe the LN when touched in TB Lymphadenitis

A

Soft

108
Q

What is shown in the LN in the cut section?

A

Caseous material

109
Q

What could happen to this caseation?

A

Liquefaction

110
Q

What is liquefaction done by?

A

Enzymes

111
Q

What are these enzymes of?

A

Polymorphs

112
Q

What may this caseation open on?

A

Skin

113
Q

What could this caseation open on the skin by?

A

Sinus

114
Q

What would then happen to the caseous material?

A

Discharged

115
Q

What is this caseation ,which is liquefied by the enzymes of polymorphs and may open on the skin by a sinus, known as?

A

Cold abscess

116
Q

Describe the color of this caseous material

A

Creamy

117
Q

What feature of the LN is affected in TB Lymphadenitis?

A

Capsule

118
Q

What happens to the LNs due to its affected capsule?

A

Fusion

119
Q

Describe this fusion

A

Matting

120
Q

Describe the 2 forms of TB Lymphadenitis seen under the microscope

A

Non caseating

Caseating

121
Q

What are non caseating in TB Lymphadenitis?

A

Multiple tubercles

122
Q

Where are these multiple non caseating tubercles positioned at?

A

Periphery

123
Q

Where do these multiple non caseating tubercles go then?

A

Centrally

124
Q

What are these multiple non caseating tubercles separated by?

A

Rim

125
Q

Describe this rim

A

Thin

126
Q

What is this thin rim of?

A

Nodal tissue

127
Q

Where does the caseating start in caseating TB Lymphadenitis?

A

Tubercles

128
Q

What happens to the tubercles in caseating TB Lymphadenitis?

A

Fuse together

129
Q

What happens when these tubercles fuse together?

A

Replace the whole LN

130
Q

What are the 4 complications of TB Lymphadenitis?

A

Spread
Rapture
Sinus formation
Secondary amyloidosis

131
Q

What is the TB of bone known as?

A

TB osteomyelitis

132
Q

Describe the disease of TB osteomyelitis

A

Destructive

133
Q

What is difficult to do with TB osteomyelitis?

A

Control

134
Q

What are the 2 sites affected by TB osteomyelitis?

A

Spine

2 Joints

135
Q

Which 2 vertebrae are especially affected by TB osteomyelitis?

A

Thoracic

Lumber

136
Q

Which 2 joints are affected by TB osteomyelitis?

A

Knee

Hip

137
Q

What is the most common site of TB of bone?

A

TB of vertebrae

138
Q

What is the TB of vertebrae known as?

A

Pott’s disease

139
Q

What does the TB of vertebrae produce?

A

Destruction

140
Q

What are destructed in the TB of vertebrae?

2 points

A

Vertebral bodies

Intervertebral discs

141
Q

What are the 4 complications of TB of vertebrae?

A

Deformity
Cold abscess
Secondary amyloidosis
Paraplegia

142
Q

What are these 2 deformities?

A

Kyphosis

Scoliosis

143
Q

What happens to the bone in the cold abscess?

A

Destruction

144
Q

Describe this destruction (2 points)

A

Extensive

Caseous

145
Q

What is formed as a result of this destruction?

A

Tuberculous pus

146
Q

Where could this tuberculous pus track to?

A

Surface

147
Q

What are the 2 sites of cold abscess?

A

Posterior mediastinal

Inguinal region

148
Q

What the abscess in the inguinal region known as?

A

Psoas

149
Q

What causes secondary amyloidosis?

A

Chronic tissue destruction

150
Q

What is the percentage range of cases which have paraplegia due to TB of vertebrae?

A

10-25%

151
Q

What causes this paraplegia? (2 points)

A

Compression

Cold abscess

152
Q

What causes this compression?

A

Collapsed vertebrae

153
Q

Which site of cold abscess causes paraplegia?

A

Extra dural

154
Q

What does the TB of male genital tract mostly come from?

A

Spread

155
Q

Describe the spread that the TB of male genital tract mostly come from

A

Hematogenous

156
Q

Where is this hematogenous spread from?

A

Pulmonary lesion

157
Q

What is mainly affected in the TB of male genital tract?

A

Globus minor

158
Q

What is this globus minor of?

A

Epididymis

159
Q

What could happen to the globus minor of the epidydymis?

A

Ulceration

160
Q

What could the globus minor of the epididymis open as if it ulcerates?

A

Posterior sinus

161
Q

What may then be affected?

A

Testis

162
Q

Which 2 tuberculosis are a less common cause of TB of male genital tract when spread?

A

Renal

Urinary tract

163
Q

What are affected in the TB of male genital tract in this case?
(2 points)

A

Prostate

Seminal vesicles

164
Q

Which tuberculosis is the most affected in the TB of the female genital tract?

A

Salpingitis

165
Q

What does the infection of TB salpingitis in the female genital tract mostly come from?

A

Spread

166
Q

Describe the spread that the infection of the TB salpingitis in the female genital tract mostly come from

A

Hematogenous

167
Q

Where is this hematogenous spread from?

A

Pulmonary lesion

168
Q

What does the TB salpingitis in the female genital tract cause?

A

Infertility

169
Q

Describe the TB in the area, which causes this infertility

A

Prevalent

170
Q

What does the Renal TB come from?

A

Spread

171
Q

Describe the spread that the renal TB come from

A

Hematogenous

172
Q

The renal TB comes from hematogenous spread in which type of TB?

A

Secondary

173
Q

What does the renal TB ascends from?

A

Urinary bladder

174
Q

What does the renal TB result in? (3 points)

A

TB pyelonephritis
Miliary TB
Tuberculoma

175
Q

Describe the kidney in TB pyelonephritis

A

Surgical

176
Q

Describe the affection that occurs in TB pyelonephritis (2 points)

A

Unilateral

Bilateral

177
Q

Describe the onset of the TB pyelonephritis infection

A

Renal

178
Q

What then happens to this infection by time?

2 points

A

Enlarges

Ruptures

179
Q

What does this infection rupture into?

A

Pelvicalyceal system

180
Q

What does this lead to? (4 points)

A

TB urethritis
Cystitis
Prostatitis
Epididymo-orchitis

181
Q

What are scattered in the miliary TB of kidney?

A

Tuberculous granulomas

182
Q

Describe the size of these tuberculous granulomas

A

Small

183
Q

Describe the number of these small tuberculous granulomas

A

Very large

184
Q

Where are these small tuberculous granulomas scattered throughout?

A

Both kidneys

185
Q

What does the infection of the CNS TB come from?

A

Spread

186
Q

Describe the spread that the infection of the CNS TB come from

A

Hematogenous

187
Q

Where is this hematogenous spread from?

A

Pulmonary lesion

188
Q

What are the 2 patterns of CNS affection?2

A

TB meningitis

Tuberculoma

Pathology (11 decks)

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