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Pathology > Infection; Pulmonary TB > Flashcards

Infection; Pulmonary TB Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs in the primary pulmonary TB?

A

Primary pulmonary complex

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2
Q

What is this primary pulmonary complex made of? (3 points)

A

Ghon’s focus
TB Lymphangitis
TB Lymphadenitis

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3
Q

Describe Ghon’s focus

A

Parenchymatous tuberculous lesion

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4
Q

Describe this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion

A

Caseous

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5
Q

What is the color of this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion?

A

Greyish yellow

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6
Q

Where is this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion found in?

A

Right lung

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7
Q

What are the 2 sites of the right lung in which this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion is found?

A

In the upper part of the lower lobe
Or
In the lower part of the upper lobe

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8
Q

Where exactly is this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion found in the upper part of the lower lobe/ in the lower part of the upper lobe?

A

Under pleura

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9
Q

What is the unit used to measure this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion?

A

cm

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10
Q

What is the diameter of this parenchymatous tuberculous lesion?

A

1-2 cm

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11
Q

What is shown in TB Lymphangitis?

A

Multiple tubercles

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12
Q

What is the good fate of the primary pulmonary TB?

A

Healing

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13
Q

What is being healed in the primary pulmonary TB?

A

Foci

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14
Q

What does the small foci undergo?

A

Replacement

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15
Q

What is the small foci replaced by?

A

Fibrous tissue

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16
Q

What does the large foci undergo?

2 points

A

Fibrous capsulation

Dystrophic calcification

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17
Q

What happens to the organism in the large foci ,in some cases?

A

Remain dormant

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18
Q

What is the bad fate of the primary pulmonary TB?

A

Spread

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19
Q

How many types does the bacteria spread by?

A

4

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20
Q

What are the 4 types in which the bacteria spread by?

A

Local
Lymphatic
Bronchial
Blood

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21
Q

How many local sites does the bacteria spread to?

A

2

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22
Q

What are the 2 local sites in which the bacteria spread to?

A

Pleura

Bronchioles

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23
Q

What are does the bacteria spread from to the pleura

and bronchioles?

A

Ghon’s focus

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24
Q

What does the bacteria cause in the pleura?

A

TB pleurisy

Tb empyema

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25
Q

When does the bacteria cause TB empyema?

A

Secondary infection

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26
Q

What does the bacteria cause in the Bronchioles?

A

Bronchiolitis

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27
Q

How many lymph nodes in which the bacteria spread to?

A

3

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28
Q

What are the lymph nodes in which the bacteria spread to?

A

Hilar
Paratracheal
Mediastinal

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29
Q

What may the Ghon’s focus do in the bronchus in which the bacteria spreads there?

A

Open in it

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30
Q

What does the bacteria cause in the bronchus when the Ghon’s focus opens it?

A

TB bronchopneumonia

TB lobar pneumonia

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31
Q

What happens to the small dose in the blood?

A

Removed

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32
Q

What removes this small dose in the blood where the bacteria spread in?

A

Immune system

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33
Q

What does the moderate dose in the blood cause where the bacteria spread in?

A

Isolated TB

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34
Q

What does the large dose reach in which the bacteria is spread in?
(2 points)

A

Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary artery

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35
Q

What does the large dose cause when it reaches the pulmonary vein in which the bacteria is spread in?

A

Generalized miliary TB

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36
Q

What happens to the large dose when it reaches the pulmonary vein?

A

Return back

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37
Q

What does the large dose return back to?

A

Lung

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38
Q

What does the large dose cause to the lung in which the bacteria is spread in?

A

Miliary TB of lung

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39
Q

What is the type of the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Human

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40
Q

At which age does the secondary pulmonary TB occur in?

2 points

A

Middle

Elderly

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41
Q

Describe the source of infection of the secondary pulmonary TB

A

Endogenous

Exogenous

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42
Q

How does the Endogenous mode of infection occurs in the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Reactivation

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43
Q

What is reactivated in the Endogenous mode of infection occurs in the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Dormant focus

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44
Q

How does the Exogenous mode of infection occurs in the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Reinfection

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45
Q

What does the reinfection occurs by?

A

Inhalation

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46
Q

What is seen in the gross picture of the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Assman-Simon’s focus

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47
Q

What is the Assman-Simon’s focus formed of?

A

Many tubercles

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48
Q

What does these many tubercles undergo in the Assman-Simon’s focus?

A

Fusion

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49
Q

What does the Assman-Simon’s focus undergo?

3 points

A

Enlargement
Caseation
Confluence

50
Q

What is produced when the Assman-Simon’s focus confluent?

A

Large lesion

51
Q

What is the Assman-Simon’s focus surrounded by?

A

Fibrous capsule

52
Q

From where is the Assman-Simon’s focus surrounded by fibrous capsule?

A

Pleural surface

53
Q

What is the distance in which the Assman-Simon’s focus is present from the pleural surface?

A

1-2 cm

54
Q

What aren’t associated with the Assman-Simon’s focus?

3 points

A

Complex
TB lymphangitis
TB lymphadenitis

55
Q

Which 2 parts is the Assman-Simon’s focus found in?

A

Apical

Sub-apical

56
Q

Where is the Assman-Simon’s focus found more in?

A

Right lung

57
Q

What are involved in making the Assman-Simon’s focus more present in the right lung?

A

Ventilation
Lymphoid tissue
Blood flow

58
Q

Describe the ventilation which makes the Assman-Simon’s focus more present in the right lung

A

Good

59
Q

Describe the lymphoid tissue which makes the Assman-Simon’s focus more present in the right lung

A

Increased

60
Q

Which part is the lymphoid tissue increased in?

A

Apical

61
Q

Describe the blood flow which makes the Assman-Simon’s focus more present in the right lung

A

Decreased

62
Q

What makes the decreased blood flow a reason for the more presence of the Assman-Simon’s focus in the right lung?

A

Right lung is narrower than left `

63
Q

What are the 2 good fates of the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Regression

Healing

64
Q

What do the regression and the healing occur by?

2 points

A

Fibrosis

Calcification

65
Q

What is the bad fate of the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Progressive TB types

66
Q

How many progressive TB types are there in the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

2

67
Q

What are these 2 progressive TB types?

A

Cavitary fibrocaseous TB

Tuberculous caseous pneumonia

68
Q

What is also a fate of the secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Exudative reaction

69
Q

What is this exudative reaction in the form of? (2 points)

A

Numerous TB bacteria

Exaggerated hypertension

70
Q

What does the cavitary fibrocaseous TB occur with?

2 points

A

Dose

Resistance

71
Q

Describe the dose and the resistance

A

Moderate

72
Q

What does the apical focus do in the gross picture of the cavitary fibrocaseous TB?

A

Extension

73
Q

Where does the apical focus extend to?

A

Adjacent bronchial wall

74
Q

What happens to the caseous material in the gross picture of the cavitary fibrocaseous TB?

A

Discharge

75
Q

What is the caseous material discharged through?

A

Bronchioles

76
Q

What does the caseous material leave after being discharged through the bronchioles?

A

Mother cavity

77
Q

What is this mother cavity surrounded by?

A

Fibrous capsule

78
Q

Describe the lining of this mother capsule

3 points

A

Irregular
Ragged
Shreddy

79
Q

Describe the color of the lining of this mother capsule

A

Yellowish

80
Q

Due to what is the color of the lining of this mother capsule yellowish?

A

Caseous material

81
Q

What happens to this caseous material?

A

Extension

82
Q

Where does this caseous material extend in?

2 points

A

Bronchioles

Alveoli

83
Q

What does the extended caseous material form?

A

Small acinar cavities

84
Q

What are these small acinar cavities known as?

A

Daughter cavities

85
Q

Where are these small acinar cavities formed at?

A

The base of the lung

86
Q

What also then extend in between these cavities as a trial for healing?

A

Fibrosis

87
Q

Why does the fibrosis then extend in between these cavities?

A

As a trial for healing

88
Q

What does the extended fibrosis cause as a trial for healing? (2 points)

A

Shrunken lung

Bronchiectasis

89
Q

What do the walls of the mother capsule show?

A

Ridges of remnants

90
Q

What are these remnants of? (2 points)

A

Blood vessels

Bronchi

91
Q

Describe the tubercle of the secondary pulmonary TB seen under the microscope
(2 points)

A

Multiple

Caseating

92
Q

What do these tubercles heal by?

A

Fibrosis

93
Q

What happens to the cavities of the tubercle under the microscope?
(2 points)

A

Epithelialization

Calcification

94
Q

What are the 2 types complications of the progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Local tissue destruction

Spread

95
Q

How many local tissue destruction are there?

A

4

96
Q

What are the 4 tissue destructions of progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Hemoptysis
Pneumothorax
Pyo-pneumothorax
Secondary amyloidosis

97
Q

How many types in which the bacteria spread by in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

3

98
Q

What are the 3 types in which the bacteria spread by in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Local
Blood
Lymphatic

99
Q

What does the local spread of the bacteria cause?

A

TB pleurisy

Exudation

100
Q

What are the 3 types of exudation resulted from the local spread of the bacteria?

A

Serous
Serofibrinous
Hemorrhagic
Pus

101
Q

What is the pus formed there known as?

A

Empyema

102
Q

Which does the blood spread leads to?

A

Miliary TB

103
Q

Which type of pulmonary TB is the blood spread less common in?

A

Primary

104
Q

Where does the bacteria also spread through in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

Natural passages

105
Q

How many natural passages does the bacteria spread through in in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

5

106
Q

What are the 5 natural passages which the bacteria spread through in in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A 
Lung
Trachea
Larynx
Tongue
Intestine
107
Q

What does the bacteria cause when it spread through the lung in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

TB bronchopneumonia

TB lobar pneumonia

108
Q

What does the bacteria cause when it spread through the trachea and larynx in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

TB laryngitis

109
Q

Describe the usual location of the TB laryngitis

A

Posterior

110
Q

What does the bacteria cause when it spread through the tongue in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB?

A

TB ulcer

111
Q

Which part of the tongue does the TB ulcer occur in?

A

Tip

112
Q

What causes this TB ulcer to occur in the tip of the tongue?

A

Accumulation of sputum

113
Q

What type of progressive pulmonary TB affects the intestine?

A

Secondary

114
Q

What affects the intestine?

A

Swollen sputum

115
Q

What type of spread does the bacteria spread by in these natural passages?

A

Bronchial

116
Q

Which type of pulmonary TB is the bronchial spread in the natural passages more common in?

A

Primary

117
Q

What is caused due to the spread of bacteria in progressive primary and secondary pulmonary TB? (2 points)

A

Peptic ulcer

Fibrosis

118
Q

What is the percentage of this peptic ulcer?

A

20%

119
Q

What causes this peptic ulcer?

A

Stress

120
Q

What does the fibrosis of the lung cause? (3 points)

A

Bronchiectasis
Pulmonary hypertension
Cor-pulmonale

Pathology (11 decks)

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