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Neuroscience > other stuff i need to know > Flashcards

other stuff i need to know Flashcards

1
Q

steps of ottos experiment

A

vagus nerve of frog heart is stimulated

fluid is transferred from first to second container

recording from frog heart 1 shows decreased rate of beating after stimulation

the recording from frog heart 2 also decreases

the conclusion is that the message is a chemical released by the nerve

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2
Q

presynaptic membrane

A

encloses molecules that transmit chemical messages

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3
Q

synaptic cleft

A

small space separating presynaptic terminal and post synaptic dendritic spine

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4
Q

postsynaptic membrane

A

contains receptor molecules that receive chemical messages

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5
Q

microtubule

A

transport structure that carries substances to the axon terminal

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6
Q

mitochondrion

A

organelle that provides the cell with energy

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7
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

round grandule that contains neurotransmitter

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8
Q

storage grandule

A

large compartment that holds synaptic vesicles

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9
Q

postsynaptic receptor

A

site to which a neurotransmitter molecule binds

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10
Q

Subcategory of amine NTs

A

Catecholamine

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11
Q

Catecholamine enzyme process

A 
Tyrosine
L dopa
Dopamine
Norepinephrine 
Epinephrine
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12
Q

The idea that a neuron only had one NT

A

Sales principle

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13
Q

What is responsible for most synaptic transmission in the mature human nervous system

A

Chemical synapses

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14
Q

What is the process called that releases NT

A

Exocytosis

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15
Q

Ionotropic

A

Transmitter gated ion channels

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16
Q

Metabotropic

A

G protein gated ion channel

17
Q

Basic Steps of G protein gated ion channel

A

Primary transmitter goes into receptor

Internal second messenger activated

Goes into second messenger receptor

18
Q

How is catecholamine structured

A

It has a catecholamine and a side chain amine

19
Q

How are secretory vesicles transported

A

Through axoplasmic transport

20
Q

Amino acid/ amine synthesis

A

Enzymes convert precursor molecule in the cytosol

Transported proteins load NT into synaptic vesicle in the terminal where they are stored

21
Q

What are the two pathways of the dopaminergic system

A

Nigrostriatial pathways

Mesolimbic pathways

22
Q

What are nigrostriatial pathways used for

A

Active in maintaining normal motor behavior

Loss of da is related to Parkinson’s

23
Q

What is the mesolimbic system used for

A

Feeling of reward and pleasure

The neurotransmitter system most to be affected by drugs

(Increase in DA may be related to schitzophrenia)

24
Q

What neurotransmitter system is most affected by addictive drugs

A

Mesolimbic pathway

25
Q

What combo of drugs is better than oxy

A

Acetaminophen (500 mg)

Ibuprophen (200 mg)

26
Q

Structure of capillaries in the brain

A

They are not leaky and have tight junctions

Covered with astrocyte feet

This prevents materials from moving in and out easily

Basis of blood brain barrier

27
Q

Structure of capillaries in the body

A

Leaky and have few tight junctions

28
Q

What kinds of molecules are able to pass endothelial cells membrane (bbb)

A

Small uncharged molecules

29
Q

What kinds of molecules are able to be carried across bbb by active transport

A

Amino acids
Glucose
Fats

30
Q

What is the effect of a sedative hypnotic as the dose gets higher

A

It inhibits too much and can cause coma and death

31
Q

What enhances the binding effects of gaba

A

Benzodiapines

32
Q

What acts like gaba and causes increase of chloride conductance?

A

Barbiturates and alcohol

33
Q

Can you take benzos and barbiturates/alcohol together

A

No

34
Q

Does gaba have multiple sites to bind to

A

Yes

35
Q

How does naltrexone fight addiction

A

It disrupts dopamine reward system

It’s an antagonist used to fight opioid and alcohol cravings

Works on mesolimbic system

36
Q

What do stimulants do

A

I’m increase motor behavior and elevate a persons mood and level of alterness

37
Q

Drugs that cause a general increase in the metabolic activity of cells

A

Stimulants

38
Q

What do psychedelics do

A

Alter sensory perception and cognitive process

39
Q

Acetylcholine psychedelic

A

Atropine

Neuroscience (20 decks)

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