Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Six most common risk for developing cataracts

A
Diabetes
Steroid use 
Dehydration 
UV exposure 
Nutrition and SES 
Smoking and alcohol use
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2
Q

What is a circular capsularhexis

A

Circular tearing of the anterior capsule

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3
Q

What tool is used to retract the upper and lower eyelids

A

Speculum

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4
Q

Purpose for cutting both upward and downward with MVR bode

A

Allows self healing of the wound

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5
Q

What is Pearce cannula used for

A

Inject local anesthetic and also injects balances salt solution

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6
Q

What is the karatome used for

A

Invites the lateral aspect of the eye through the corona edge to the anterior chamber

Used for mini port incision

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7
Q

How does one complete circular capsulorhexis

A

Using forceps to grasp the edge of anterior capsule and repeating this five times about 60 degrees per time

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8
Q

What does balanced salt solution do

A

Provides hydroissection of the lens away from the posterior capsule

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9
Q

What does the phaoemulsification probe and nucleus chopper do together

A

Retract the port
Split the lens nucleus

Nucleus chopper is pulled toward the phacoemulsification probe to break the lens into pieces

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10
Q

What technique is used to remove the last price of lens

A

Nucleus chopper is moved posterior to the phacoemulsificatjon probe

It avoids accidental damage to posterior capsule by the probprobe then phacoemulsifies and aspirated the last lens segment

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11
Q

How much soft lens should one aim to remove on each pass with the IA probe

A

20-25 %

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12
Q

How does one insert a spherical/circular replacement lens

A

Lens injector is inserted through the main port and top is directed to capsular bag to insert lens And d

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13
Q

How does one remove antibiotic

A

Rycroft cannula objects antibiotic into anterior chamber of the lens capsule

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14
Q

What are the three most common indications for trauma craniotomy

A

Severe malignant edema following a cute large vesicle infract

Aneurysmal

SUB ARACHNOID HEMCTUMA

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15
Q

What’s the shape of the initial incision into the patients scalp

A

Reverse question mark

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16
Q

What are raney clips used for?

A

To obtain hemostasis

17
Q

How does one protect the superficial temporalis fascia and superficial temporal artery during the initial surgery

A

Sissies are incerted in plane to act as a protective border

18
Q

What does an electrocautery pen do

A

Cuts through temporalis fascia and muscle until the root of the stigma is reached/Catherine’s the periosteum from the superior part of the incision to the superior temporal line

19
Q

How can one prevent overheating when using the perforator drill

A

Use a syringe with saline to irrigate the area

20
Q

Where is the initial keyhole drilled

A

In the depression posterior to the frontozygotomatic suture

21
Q

How many holes were drilled in this craniotomy

22
Q

The bone flap should be at least how big to ensure adequate decompression

A

10 cm x 15 cm

23
Q

What does the penfield #3 dissector do

A

Dissects the dura away from the bone

24
Q

What does leksell rongeur do

A

Bites off the remaining temporal bone until Duran exposure is flus with the floor of the middle fossa

25
What does bone wax do
Controls bleeding
26
What do tenotomy sissies do
Opens the dura in a stellate fashion
27
Where is McBurney’s point located
Between the umbilicus and anterior superior Ilac spine in line with them 1/3 down
28
How does one isolate the appendicular artery during this surgery
Using a small artery clip, dissect a window in the mesoappendix at the appendix base
29
What kind of structure is used on the cut appendix
2/0 viceyl suture
30
What does the purse string technique do
It buried the appendix stump
31
What does t mean to establish pneumoperitoneum at 12mmHg
Pheumopriotoneum increases pressure on diaphragm MmHg is a unit of pressure You have to increase the pressure of the diaphragm 12 mmHg
32
Why does one establish pneumoperitoneum
To achieve exposure during lapirpscopic surgery
33
What two tools are used to remove the appendix
Atraumic graspers Snare Endoscopic scissors
34
How does atraumic graspers work
Used to hold the appendix
35
Endoscopic sissors
the monopolar function to coagulate the appendix stump muscosa Fully divide the appendix using typical scissor mechanics
36
Snare loop
Ties around organ
37
How does one get the dissected appendix out of the patient and over to the pathology lab
Endoscopic bag
38
What kinds of structures are used to close the endoscopic ports
Interrupted absorbable stures
39
Difference between appendectomies
Open appendectomy seems more invasive but seems easier because you don’t have to use a camera Laparoscopic appendectomy promises better healing outcomes