Labs

Question 1

Six most common risk for developing cataracts

Answer 1

Diabetes
Steroid use 
Dehydration 
UV exposure 
Nutrition and SES 
Smoking and alcohol use

Question 2

What is a circular capsularhexis

Answer 2

Circular tearing of the anterior capsule

Question 3

What tool is used to retract the upper and lower eyelids

Answer 3

Speculum

Question 4

Purpose for cutting both upward and downward with MVR bode

Answer 4

Allows self healing of the wound

Question 5

What is Pearce cannula used for

Answer 5

Inject local anesthetic and also injects balances salt solution

Question 6

What is the karatome used for

Answer 6

Invites the lateral aspect of the eye through the corona edge to the anterior chamber

Used for mini port incision

Question 7

How does one complete circular capsulorhexis

Answer 7

Using forceps to grasp the edge of anterior capsule and repeating this five times about 60 degrees per time

Question 8

What does balanced salt solution do

Answer 8

Provides hydroissection of the lens away from the posterior capsule

Question 9

What does the phaoemulsification probe and nucleus chopper do together

Answer 9

Retract the port
Split the lens nucleus

Nucleus chopper is pulled toward the phacoemulsification probe to break the lens into pieces

Question 10

What technique is used to remove the last price of lens

Answer 10

Nucleus chopper is moved posterior to the phacoemulsificatjon probe

It avoids accidental damage to posterior capsule by the probprobe then phacoemulsifies and aspirated the last lens segment

Question 11

How much soft lens should one aim to remove on each pass with the IA probe

Answer 11

20-25 %

Question 12

How does one insert a spherical/circular replacement lens

Answer 12

Lens injector is inserted through the main port and top is directed to capsular bag to insert lens And d

Question 13

How does one remove antibiotic

Answer 13

Rycroft cannula objects antibiotic into anterior chamber of the lens capsule

Question 14

What are the three most common indications for trauma craniotomy

Answer 14

Severe malignant edema following a cute large vesicle infract

Aneurysmal

SUB ARACHNOID HEMCTUMA

Question 15

What’s the shape of the initial incision into the patients scalp

Answer 15

Reverse question mark

Question 16

What are raney clips used for?

Answer 16

To obtain hemostasis

Question 17

How does one protect the superficial temporalis fascia and superficial temporal artery during the initial surgery

Answer 17

Sissies are incerted in plane to act as a protective border

Question 18

What does an electrocautery pen do

Answer 18

Cuts through temporalis fascia and muscle until the root of the stigma is reached/Catherine’s the periosteum from the superior part of the incision to the superior temporal line

Question 19

How can one prevent overheating when using the perforator drill

Answer 19

Use a syringe with saline to irrigate the area

Question 20

Where is the initial keyhole drilled

Answer 20

In the depression posterior to the frontozygotomatic suture

Question 21

How many holes were drilled in this craniotomy

Answer 21

Three

Question 22

The bone flap should be at least how big to ensure adequate decompression

Answer 22

10 cm x 15 cm

Question 23

What does the penfield #3 dissector do

Answer 23

Dissects the dura away from the bone

Question 24

What does leksell rongeur do

Answer 24

Bites off the remaining temporal bone until Duran exposure is flus with the floor of the middle fossa

Question 25

What does bone wax do

Answer 25

Controls bleeding

Question 26

What do tenotomy sissies do

Answer 26

Opens the dura in a stellate fashion

Question 27

Where is McBurney’s point located

Answer 27

Between the umbilicus and anterior superior Ilac spine in line with them 1/3 down

Question 28

How does one isolate the appendicular artery during this surgery

Answer 28

Using a small artery clip, dissect a window in the mesoappendix at the appendix base

Question 29

What kind of structure is used on the cut appendix

Answer 29

2/0 viceyl suture

Question 30

What does the purse string technique do

Answer 30

It buried the appendix stump

Question 31

What does t mean to establish pneumoperitoneum at 12mmHg

Answer 31

Pheumopriotoneum increases pressure on diaphragm

MmHg is a unit of pressure

You have to increase the pressure of the diaphragm 12 mmHg

Question 32

Why does one establish pneumoperitoneum

Answer 32

To achieve exposure during lapirpscopic surgery

Question 33

What two tools are used to remove the appendix

Answer 33

Atraumic graspers
Snare
Endoscopic scissors

Question 34

How does atraumic graspers work

Answer 34

Used to hold the appendix

Question 35

Endoscopic sissors

Answer 35

the monopolar function to coagulate the appendix stump muscosa

Fully divide the appendix using typical scissor mechanics

Question 36

Snare loop

Answer 36

Ties around organ

Question 37

How does one get the dissected appendix out of the patient and over to the pathology lab

Answer 37

Endoscopic bag

Question 38

What kinds of structures are used to close the endoscopic ports

Answer 38

Interrupted absorbable stures

Question 39

Difference between appendectomies

Answer 39

Open appendectomy seems more invasive but seems easier because you don’t have to use a camera

Laparoscopic appendectomy promises better healing outcomes