Labs Flashcards
Six most common risk for developing cataracts
Diabetes Steroid use Dehydration UV exposure Nutrition and SES Smoking and alcohol use
What is a circular capsularhexis
Circular tearing of the anterior capsule
What tool is used to retract the upper and lower eyelids
Speculum
Purpose for cutting both upward and downward with MVR bode
Allows self healing of the wound
What is Pearce cannula used for
Inject local anesthetic and also injects balances salt solution
What is the karatome used for
Invites the lateral aspect of the eye through the corona edge to the anterior chamber
Used for mini port incision
How does one complete circular capsulorhexis
Using forceps to grasp the edge of anterior capsule and repeating this five times about 60 degrees per time
What does balanced salt solution do
Provides hydroissection of the lens away from the posterior capsule
What does the phaoemulsification probe and nucleus chopper do together
Retract the port
Split the lens nucleus
Nucleus chopper is pulled toward the phacoemulsification probe to break the lens into pieces
What technique is used to remove the last price of lens
Nucleus chopper is moved posterior to the phacoemulsificatjon probe
It avoids accidental damage to posterior capsule by the probprobe then phacoemulsifies and aspirated the last lens segment
How much soft lens should one aim to remove on each pass with the IA probe
20-25 %
How does one insert a spherical/circular replacement lens
Lens injector is inserted through the main port and top is directed to capsular bag to insert lens And d
How does one remove antibiotic
Rycroft cannula objects antibiotic into anterior chamber of the lens capsule
What are the three most common indications for trauma craniotomy
Severe malignant edema following a cute large vesicle infract
Aneurysmal
SUB ARACHNOID HEMCTUMA
What’s the shape of the initial incision into the patients scalp
Reverse question mark
What are raney clips used for?
To obtain hemostasis
How does one protect the superficial temporalis fascia and superficial temporal artery during the initial surgery
Sissies are incerted in plane to act as a protective border
What does an electrocautery pen do
Cuts through temporalis fascia and muscle until the root of the stigma is reached/Catherine’s the periosteum from the superior part of the incision to the superior temporal line
How can one prevent overheating when using the perforator drill
Use a syringe with saline to irrigate the area
Where is the initial keyhole drilled
In the depression posterior to the frontozygotomatic suture
How many holes were drilled in this craniotomy
Three
The bone flap should be at least how big to ensure adequate decompression
10 cm x 15 cm
What does the penfield #3 dissector do
Dissects the dura away from the bone
What does leksell rongeur do
Bites off the remaining temporal bone until Duran exposure is flus with the floor of the middle fossa
What does bone wax do
Controls bleeding
What do tenotomy sissies do
Opens the dura in a stellate fashion
Where is McBurney’s point located
Between the umbilicus and anterior superior Ilac spine in line with them 1/3 down
How does one isolate the appendicular artery during this surgery
Using a small artery clip, dissect a window in the mesoappendix at the appendix base
What kind of structure is used on the cut appendix
2/0 viceyl suture
What does the purse string technique do
It buried the appendix stump
What does t mean to establish pneumoperitoneum at 12mmHg
Pheumopriotoneum increases pressure on diaphragm
MmHg is a unit of pressure
You have to increase the pressure of the diaphragm 12 mmHg
Why does one establish pneumoperitoneum
To achieve exposure during lapirpscopic surgery
What two tools are used to remove the appendix
Atraumic graspers
Snare
Endoscopic scissors
How does atraumic graspers work
Used to hold the appendix
Endoscopic sissors
the monopolar function to coagulate the appendix stump muscosa
Fully divide the appendix using typical scissor mechanics
Snare loop
Ties around organ
How does one get the dissected appendix out of the patient and over to the pathology lab
Endoscopic bag
What kinds of structures are used to close the endoscopic ports
Interrupted absorbable stures
Difference between appendectomies
Open appendectomy seems more invasive but seems easier because you don’t have to use a camera
Laparoscopic appendectomy promises better healing outcomes
