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ATR2010C > other medical conditions > Flashcards

other medical conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a communicable infectious disease?

A

one that is transmissible by:
-contact with with individuals or their bodily fluids
-contaminated surfaces
-ingestion
-contact with disease vectors

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2
Q

what are examples of disease vectors?

A

mosquitoes, fleas, and mice

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3
Q

what is the transmission of communicable diseases?

A

person-to-person, dairy-borne, direct contact, or infected material

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4
Q

what parts of the body are impacted in an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)

A

ear, nose, throat, and para-nassal sinuses
Throat and up

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5
Q

what parts of the body are impacted in a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)

A

trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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6
Q

what is involved in a gastro-intestinal infection

A

stomach, small and large intestines

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7
Q

what is a viral URTI?

A

rhinitis

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8
Q

what is another name for rhinitis?

A

common cold

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9
Q

what are the s/s of rhinitis?

A

sore or scratchy throat, runny nose, low grade fever and cough

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10
Q

true or false: persistent s/s of rhinitis may involve a bacterial infection.

A

true

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11
Q

what is a common bacterial URTI?

A

strep throat

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12
Q

what are common s/s of strep throat?

A

sore throat, swollen lymph glands (difficulty breathing), and a high fever

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13
Q

what is the 3/3/3 rule with a common cold?

A

first 3 days you start to feel the symptoms, middle 3 it hits you hard, last 3 symptoms are leaving

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14
Q

is strep throat caused by chain bacteria or clumped bacteria?

A

chains

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15
Q

how do you diagnose strep throat? (2 ways)

A

antigen test and/or throat culture

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16
Q

what is the treatment used for strep throat?

A

antibiotic therapy

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17
Q

what are 4 LRTIs?

A
  1. influenza
  2. coronavirus
  3. pneumonia
  4. bronchitis
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18
Q

what occurs during bronchitis (think of the bronchi)

A

inflammation of mucus membrane in the bronchi

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19
Q

what are s/s of bronchitis?

A

cough, sore throat, fever, chills, etc.

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20
Q

what is the common name for influenza?

A

flu

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21
Q

is the influenza viral or bacterial?

A

viral

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22
Q

what are s/s of influenza?

A

chills, fever, sore throat, muscle & joint pain, severe headache, cough, extreme fatigue

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23
Q

What can influenza lead to if not treated?

A

pneumonia

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24
Q

what infection is characterized by inflammation of alveoli

A

pneumonia

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25
Q

what are symptoms of pneumonia?

A

flu-like symptoms with a persistent cough, chest pain, and dyspnea

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26
Q

what two viruses cause GI infections?

A

rotavirus
norovirus

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27
Q

what does gastro-enteritis affect?

A

the stoma and small and large intestines

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28
Q

what is the common name for gastro-enteritis?

A

stomach flu

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29
Q

what is the transmission for a GI infection?

A

ingestion (food or water-borne)
inhaled (ingested)

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30
Q

what are s/s of a GI infection?

A

abdominal pain & cramping, headache dizziness and fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea

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31
Q

is lyme disease bacterial or viral?

A

bacterial

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32
Q

what is an early s/s of lyme disease?

A

red circular area around the bite

33
Q

what are late s/s of lyme disease?

A

flu-like symptoms with arthritis

34
Q

can lyme disease become systemic?

A

yes

35
Q

is infectious mononucleosis viral or bacterial?

A

viral

36
Q

what is another name for infectious mononucleosis?

A

kissing disease, or mono

37
Q

what are s/s of mono?

A

enlarged lymph nodes, flu-like symptoms, and splenomegaly

38
Q

what is a splenomegaly?

A

an increased risk of a spleen ruptured in contact sports due to an increase in the size

39
Q

what is diabetes?

A

the inability to regulate blood glucose levels

40
Q

what does diabetes mellitus lead to?

A

glucosuria (sweet urine)

41
Q

what does insulin do?

A

helps escort glucose into the cells for energy and removes metabolites

42
Q

what is the target organ of insulin?

A

muscle cells

43
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

conteracts insulin and therefore increases blood glucose levels

44
Q

what is the target organ of glucagon?

A

the liver

45
Q

is type 1 or type 2 child on set diabetes?

A

type 1

46
Q

type _____ is an insulin deficiency while type ____ is an insulin resistance

A

1, 2

47
Q

true or false: type two requires a daily insulin supplementation because there is a loss of insulin producing cells.

A

false, type 1 has a loss of insulin producing cells

48
Q

true or false: exercise has an “insulin-like” effect on muscle

A

true

49
Q

what are s/s of hyperglycemia?

A

DKA, extreme thirst and urge to pe, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness

50
Q

what are s/s of hypoglycemia?

A

dizzy, lightheaded, extreme hunger, profuse sweating, erratic behavior, unsteady, loss of motor coordination

51
Q

how do you deal with hypoglycemia?

A

eat something sugary (frosted flakes or apple juice)

52
Q

what does DKA stand for?

A

Diabetic keto-acidosis

53
Q

what is DKA?

A

starving cells that start to breakdown fats and proteins because there’s no glucose present

54
Q

what is an allergic reaction?

A

a triggering by a host of irritants that activate an immune response.

55
Q

what are the 4 types of triggers for an allergic reaction?

A
  1. environmental
  2. food-borne
  3. chemical
  4. mechanical
56
Q

true or false: allergies are acquired, reactions are predicable and occur rapidly

A

true

57
Q

are allergic reactions a hyposensitivity disorder of the immune system?

A

no, they are a hypersensitivity disorder.

58
Q

what cells are involved in an allergic reaction?

A

super density mast cells (IgE)

59
Q

what are the s/s of an allergic reaction?

A

hives, redness, swelling, itching, runny nose, watery eyes, and airway constriction

60
Q

what systems could be involved during an allergic reaction?

A

digestive, respiratory, and circulatory

61
Q

what are s/s of an ingested allergic reaction?

A

abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, and diarrhea

62
Q

what are s/s of an inhaled or injected allergic reaction?

A

asthma, sneezing, and bronchospasm

63
Q

how do you manage an allergic reaction?

A

anti-histamines, steroids, and epinephrine (epi-pen)

64
Q

what are the 2 potential life threatening aspects of a severe allergic reaction?

A

airway constriction and angio-edema

65
Q

what is angio-edema?

A

swelling of the face, lips, throat, and neck region

66
Q

what is exercise-induced asthma?

A

a reaction of the airways to weather and the environment during vigorous exercise

67
Q

what are the s/s of EIA?

A

tight chest, coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea

68
Q

what is an exertional muscle cramp?

A

a sudden, involuntary, painful contraction of a muscle or part of it

69
Q

When do EAMCs occur?

A

after strenuous, fatiguing exercise

70
Q

why do some people experience EAMCs?

A

the muscles shut down in an attempt to protect your fatiguing self from injury

71
Q

what is exertional hyponatremia?

A

water intoxication (fluid/electrolyte level imbalance)

72
Q

why does exertional hyponatremia occur?

A

loss of sodium (through sweat) in athletes and they only rehydrate with water, therefore they are in an electrolyte imbalance

73
Q

what does exertional hyponatremia lead to?

A

cellular swelling

74
Q

what is exertional rhabdomyolysis (ERM)?

A

the breaking down of skeletal muscle cells

75
Q

what causes ERM?

A

strenuous exercise with eccentric component to large muscle groups

76
Q

when are individuals at a higher risk for ERM?

A

when they are dehydrated or recovering from illness

77
Q

what gets released into the bloodstream during ERM?

A

creatine kinase and myoglobin

78
Q

what is exertional sickling?

A

when hemoglobin releases oxygen during intense exercise and causes the RBCs to change their shape, this causes a jam in major arteries

ATR2010C (19 decks)

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