other medical conditions

Question 1

what is a communicable infectious disease?

Answer 1

one that is transmissible by:
-contact with with individuals or their bodily fluids
-contaminated surfaces
-ingestion
-contact with disease vectors

Question 2

what are examples of disease vectors?

Answer 2

mosquitoes, fleas, and mice

Question 3

what is the transmission of communicable diseases?

Answer 3

person-to-person, dairy-borne, direct contact, or infected material

Question 4

what parts of the body are impacted in an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)

Answer 4

ear, nose, throat, and para-nassal sinuses
Throat and up

Question 5

what parts of the body are impacted in a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)

Answer 5

trachea, bronchi, and lungs

Question 6

what is involved in a gastro-intestinal infection

Answer 6

stomach, small and large intestines

Question 7

what is a viral URTI?

Answer 7

rhinitis

Question 8

what is another name for rhinitis?

Answer 8

common cold

Question 9

what are the s/s of rhinitis?

Answer 9

sore or scratchy throat, runny nose, low grade fever and cough

Question 10

true or false: persistent s/s of rhinitis may involve a bacterial infection.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

what is a common bacterial URTI?

Answer 11

strep throat

Question 12

what are common s/s of strep throat?

Answer 12

sore throat, swollen lymph glands (difficulty breathing), and a high fever

Question 13

what is the 3/3/3 rule with a common cold?

Answer 13

first 3 days you start to feel the symptoms, middle 3 it hits you hard, last 3 symptoms are leaving

Question 14

is strep throat caused by chain bacteria or clumped bacteria?

Answer 14

chains

Question 15

how do you diagnose strep throat? (2 ways)

Answer 15

antigen test and/or throat culture

Question 16

what is the treatment used for strep throat?

Answer 16

antibiotic therapy

Question 17

what are 4 LRTIs?

Answer 17

1. influenza
2. coronavirus
3. pneumonia
4. bronchitis

Question 18

what occurs during bronchitis (think of the bronchi)

Answer 18

inflammation of mucus membrane in the bronchi

Question 19

what are s/s of bronchitis?

Answer 19

cough, sore throat, fever, chills, etc.

Question 20

what is the common name for influenza?

Answer 20

flu

Question 21

is the influenza viral or bacterial?

Answer 21

viral

Question 22

what are s/s of influenza?

Answer 22

chills, fever, sore throat, muscle & joint pain, severe headache, cough, extreme fatigue

Question 23

What can influenza lead to if not treated?

Answer 23

pneumonia

Question 24

what infection is characterized by inflammation of alveoli

Answer 24

pneumonia

Question 25

what are symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 25

flu-like symptoms with a persistent cough, chest pain, and dyspnea

Question 26

what two viruses cause GI infections?

Answer 26

rotavirus norovirus

Question 27

what does gastro-enteritis affect?

Answer 27

the stoma and small and large intestines

Question 28

what is the common name for gastro-enteritis?

Answer 28

stomach flu

Question 29

what is the transmission for a GI infection?

Answer 29

ingestion (food or water-borne) inhaled (ingested)

Question 30

what are s/s of a GI infection?

Answer 30

abdominal pain & cramping, headache dizziness and fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea

Question 31

is lyme disease bacterial or viral?

Answer 31

bacterial

Question 32

what is an early s/s of lyme disease?

Answer 32

red circular area around the bite

Question 33

what are late s/s of lyme disease?

Answer 33

flu-like symptoms with arthritis

Question 34

can lyme disease become systemic?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

is infectious mononucleosis viral or bacterial?

Answer 35

viral

Question 36

what is another name for infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 36

kissing disease, or mono

Question 37

what are s/s of mono?

Answer 37

enlarged lymph nodes, flu-like symptoms, and splenomegaly

Question 38

what is a splenomegaly?

Answer 38

an increased risk of a spleen ruptured in contact sports due to an increase in the size

Question 39

what is diabetes?

Answer 39

the inability to regulate blood glucose levels

Question 40

what does diabetes mellitus lead to?

Answer 40

glucosuria (sweet urine)

Question 41

what does insulin do?

Answer 41

helps escort glucose into the cells for energy and removes metabolites

Question 42

what is the target organ of insulin?

Answer 42

muscle cells

Question 43

what does glucagon do?

Answer 43

conteracts insulin and therefore increases blood glucose levels

Question 44

what is the target organ of glucagon?

Answer 44

the liver

Question 45

is type 1 or type 2 child on set diabetes?

Answer 45

type 1

Question 46

type _____ is an insulin deficiency while type ____ is an insulin resistance

Answer 46

1, 2

Question 47

true or false: type two requires a daily insulin supplementation because there is a loss of insulin producing cells.

Answer 47

false, type 1 has a loss of insulin producing cells

Question 48

true or false: exercise has an “insulin-like” effect on muscle

Answer 48

true

Question 49

what are s/s of hyperglycemia?

Answer 49

DKA, extreme thirst and urge to pe, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness

Question 50

what are s/s of hypoglycemia?

Answer 50

dizzy, lightheaded, extreme hunger, profuse sweating, erratic behavior, unsteady, loss of motor coordination

Question 51

how do you deal with hypoglycemia?

Answer 51

eat something sugary (frosted flakes or apple juice)

Question 52

what does DKA stand for?

Answer 52

Diabetic keto-acidosis

Question 53

what is DKA?

Answer 53

starving cells that start to breakdown fats and proteins because there’s no glucose present

Question 54

what is an allergic reaction?

Answer 54

a triggering by a host of irritants that activate an immune response.

Question 55

what are the 4 types of triggers for an allergic reaction?

Answer 55

1. environmental 2. food-borne 3. chemical 4. mechanical

Question 56

true or false: allergies are acquired, reactions are predicable and occur rapidly

Answer 56

true

Question 57

are allergic reactions a hyposensitivity disorder of the immune system?

Answer 57

no, they are a hypersensitivity disorder.

Question 58

what cells are involved in an allergic reaction?

Answer 58

super density mast cells (IgE)

Question 59

what are the s/s of an allergic reaction?

Answer 59

hives, redness, swelling, itching, runny nose, watery eyes, and airway constriction

Question 60

what systems could be involved during an allergic reaction?

Answer 60

digestive, respiratory, and circulatory

Question 61

what are s/s of an ingested allergic reaction?

Answer 61

abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 62

what are s/s of an inhaled or injected allergic reaction?

Answer 62

asthma, sneezing, and bronchospasm

Question 63

how do you manage an allergic reaction?

Answer 63

anti-histamines, steroids, and epinephrine (epi-pen)

Question 64

what are the 2 potential life threatening aspects of a severe allergic reaction?

Answer 64

airway constriction and angio-edema

Question 65

what is angio-edema?

Answer 65

swelling of the face, lips, throat, and neck region

Question 66

what is exercise-induced asthma?

Answer 66

a reaction of the airways to weather and the environment during vigorous exercise

Question 67

what are the s/s of EIA?

Answer 67

tight chest, coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea

Question 68

what is an exertional muscle cramp?

Answer 68

a sudden, involuntary, painful contraction of a muscle or part of it

Question 69

When do EAMCs occur?

Answer 69

after strenuous, fatiguing exercise

Question 70

why do some people experience EAMCs?

Answer 70

the muscles shut down in an attempt to protect your fatiguing self from injury

Question 71

what is exertional hyponatremia?

Answer 71

water intoxication (fluid/electrolyte level imbalance)

Question 72

why does exertional hyponatremia occur?

Answer 72

loss of sodium (through sweat) in athletes and they only rehydrate with water, therefore they are in an electrolyte imbalance

Question 73

what does exertional hyponatremia lead to?

Answer 73

cellular swelling

Question 74

what is exertional rhabdomyolysis (ERM)?

Answer 74

the breaking down of skeletal muscle cells

Question 75

what causes ERM?

Answer 75

strenuous exercise with eccentric component to large muscle groups

Question 76

when are individuals at a higher risk for ERM?

Answer 76

when they are dehydrated or recovering from illness

Question 77

what gets released into the bloodstream during ERM?

Answer 77

creatine kinase and myoglobin

Question 78

what is exertional sickling?

Answer 78

when hemoglobin releases oxygen during intense exercise and causes the RBCs to change their shape, this causes a jam in major arteries