injury prevention retroactive Flashcards
What is the goal of retro-active strategies?
To treat injuries as propel and efficiently as possible after they occur.
Also help prevent re-injury or reoccurrence
What are the three steps to retro-active care?
evaluation, recognition, and treatment
what is treatment?
immediate care, short (days/week), and long-term (weeks, months, years)
What are the 5 steps to evaluation and recognition?
- Primary survey
- Secondary survey
- Referral (if necessary)
- Documentation of findings
- Create a treatment plan
What is the point of the primary survey and the secondary survey?
to give you recognition of an injury
What is the primary objective of the primary survey?
To rule out a serious or life threatening condition
What is the secondary objective of the primary survey?
To understand the chief complaint (where the pain is/what is wrong)
What is done during the primary survey?
Vital signs are observed, the ABCs, and if there is a serious injury an EAP should be activated
What is done during the secondary survey?
A detailed examination of the injury and a documentation of your findings
What are the 4 steps of examination during the secondary survey (HOPS or HIPS)?
History (causes, previous injuries, etc.)
Observation/Inspection (visualize)
Palpation (feel)
Special tests (ROM, strength, stress tests, etc.)
Do you need to differentiate between structure and function during an assessment?
Yes
Structure examples
Defects, internal derangement (ex. torn ligament), active pathology (you may not always be able to see it)
Function examples
(what is it the person is able to do)
Level of dysfunction, impairments, disabilities
What are the three parts of the rehabilitation aspect of a treatment plan?
- Immediate/acute care
- Short-term
- Long-term
What should be done during the immediate/acute care of rehabilitation?
Control the symptoms aka use therapeutic modalities to protect the area
What is done during the short-term care of rehabilitation?
Phase out modalities and start therapeutic exercises
What is done during the long-term care of rehabilitation?
Get aggressive with the therapeutic exercises and then add in modalities afterward. There could be a gradual return to participation.
What are therapeutic modalities? (there are 6)
- PRICE
- Cryo-therapy
- Thermo-therapy
- Electro-therapy
- Mechanical
- Light therapy
When is the PRICE protocol used?
During the immediate or acute care. The goal is to control the acute inflammatory process
What is thermo-therapy?
Heat therapy
What are ways of using superficial heat?
Moist hot packs
Warm whirlpool
Fluido-therapy
Topical ointments
What are ways of using deep heat?
Therapeutic ultrasound
Penetrating sound waves
Thermal (deep heating)
Non-thermal (pulsating)
What are the therapeutic effects of a therapeutic massage?
-Increase perfusion of muscle tissue
-Pain relief
-Relaxation of tense muscles
-Remove swelling
What are the 4 techniques of therapeutic massage?
-Effleurage
-Petrissage/kneading
-Tapotement/percussion
-Deep tissue/friction (Rolfing)
What is effleurage for?
Prep/priming
You use a gliding stroke and you begin a massage and end a massage with this stroke
What is the kneading technique?
Squeezing and releasing
What is the percussion technique?
Tapping or chopping
What is the goal of the deep tissue technique?
To stimulate an inflammatory response, this is good for if healing hasn’t started.
What do you feel when you use electrical stimulators for pain control?
pins and needles sensation or noxious level
What is the goal of muscle pumping with electrical stimulators?
To remove swelling
What do muscle contractions from electrical stimulators do?
Neuromuscular re-education and prevent disuse atrophy
What is the most critical therapeutic modality?
Therapeutic exercises
What is the goal of therapeutic exercises?
to restore ROM to near pre-injury levels.
What is an important aspect of resistance exercises?
PRE (progressive resistance exercise)
What are the two primary responses to stretching?
- Stress relaxation
- Creep
What happens during stress relaxation?
You move a joint to a point of tissue resistance and the length or joint angle is held constant.
Eventually the muscle will relax and internal resistance or tension of muscles decreases.
What is creep?
when you move a joint to a point of tissue resistance with a constant load or applied force on muscle.
Eventually the muscle will reach a plateau
What is the instantaneous response to load being applied called?
The elastic response
What is the time period after loading called?
The viscous or plastic response
What is the goal of creep recovery?
You want to lengthen tissue over a period of time. Partial recovery over time will result in elongation of the tissue and it will remain stretched.
What is static stretching?
It can be acute or chronic and the goal is to decrease muscle tension
What is the optimal stretching regimen for static stretching?
Move to a position of slight resistance and hold it for 15-30 seconds. Do 3-5 reps. This is optimal for pre-exercise.
can you do too much pre-exercise stretching?
Yes, sometimes you can inhibit the neuromuscular system instead of priming it.
What is the SAID principle?
The specific adaptations to imposed demands principle
How does exercise impact the body neurologically in rehab?
It impacts the motor unit recruitment and synchronization.
How does exercise impact the body morphologically in rehab?
It prevents muscle atrophy
What is the recommended dosages for pharmacologic agents?
1-2 tablets every 4-6 hours
