Concepts of injury

Question 1

What is the definition of sports injury

Answer 1

There is none! You can only characterize sports injuries!

Question 2

What are sports injuries characterized by?

Answer 2

-Sports participation
-The body area involved in the injury
-Tissue damaged
-Severity
-Mechanism (how did it occur/what caused it)
-Time lost or how long away from competition
-Was the athlete evaluated by medical personnel and did they receive treatment

Question 3

What are the three types of force

Answer 3

1. Compressive
2. tension
3. shear

Question 4

What is a compressive force?

Answer 4

A direct flow or blunt force

Question 5

What is a tension (tensile) force?

Answer 5

Pulling apart

Question 6

What is a shear (friction) force?

Answer 6

Rubbing or twisting

Question 7

What force is connective tissue the most resistant to?

Answer 7

Tensile forces

Question 8

What force(s) is/are connective tissues the least resistant to?

Answer 8

Compressive and shear forces

Question 9

What force(s) typically cause injuries

Answer 9

A combination of forces

Question 10

What is critical force?

Answer 10

The yield point; the point where you start damaging your tissues to the point of injury

Question 11

What are injures responding to when they occur?

Answer 11

Mechanical forces that exceed the critical force level of a particular tissue.

Question 12

Does every type of tissue in every person have the same critical force?

Answer 12

No, every body and every muscle is different and has a different critical force

Question 13

What is macro-trauma?

Answer 13

Damage from a single force

Question 14

What is micro-trauma?

Answer 14

Damage from multiple, repetitive forces (fatigue)

Question 15

Why may critical force vary within the same tissue?

Answer 15

-genetics
-age
-temperature (if it’s warm the tissue may be more pliable)
-skeletal maturity
-previous injury

Question 16

Do elastic materials resist deformation when stressed?

Answer 16

No, viscous (or plastic) materials do (like play dough)

Question 17

Do viscous materials resist deformation when stressed?

Answer 17

Yes!

Question 18

What are the 5 injury categories?

Answer 18

1. Acute
2. Chronic
3. Acute on chronic
4. Chronic on acute
5. Catastrophic

Question 19

What are acute injuries characterized by?

Answer 19

Rapid onset, resulting from a macro-traumatic event

Question 20

What symptoms do acute injuries typically have?

Answer 20

Pain, swelling, and loss of function

Question 21

What are chronic injuries characterized by?

Answer 21

Slow, insidious onset, resulting from a series of micro-traumatic events

Question 22

What are chronic injuries typically called?

Answer 22

Overuse injuries

Question 23

What are common sites for chronic injuries?

Answer 23

Achilles, patellar, and the rotator cuff

Question 24

What characterizes an acute on chronic injury?

Answer 24

A chronic injury with lingering symptoms (micro trauma)

Question 25

What characterizes a chronic on acute injury?

Answer 25

an acute injury that becomes a chronic condition

Question 26

What characterizes a catastrophic injury?

Answer 26

It is serious, life-threatening injury or causes a disability (typically neurological). It can result in permanent impairment, but not always

Question 27

What are some examples of catastrophic injuries?

Answer 27

-Spinal cord injury -traumatic brain injury (but not a concussion) -heat stroke -anaphylactic shock -sudden cardiac arrest -massive blood loss

Question 28

What are the main types of injuries? (there are 6)

Answer 28

1. Sprains 2. Strains 3. Contusions 4. Fractures 5. Dislocations 6. Concussions

Question 29

What type of tissue/organ does a sprain involve?

Answer 29

ligaments

Question 30

What type of tissue/organ does a strain involve?

Answer 30

tendons, muscle, or musculotendious juntions

Question 31

What type of tissue/organ does a contusion involve?

Answer 31

The skin, muscle, and/or bone.

Question 32

What are contusions associated with?

Answer 32

Pain, stiffness, swelling, ecchymosis, and hematoma

Question 33

What long term effect can a contusion potentially lead to?

Answer 33

Myositis ossificans.

Question 34

What is myositis ossificans?

Answer 34

When bone or calcium deposits begin to form in the area of injury as a protection method

Question 35

What type of tissue/organ does a fracture involve?

Answer 35

Bone

Question 36

What are the 4 types of fractures?

Answer 36

1. closed 2. open 3. stress 4. Salter-Harris

Question 37

What is a closed fracture?

Answer 37

When there is structural damage to the bone, but its not displaced.

Question 38

What is an open fracture?

Answer 38

When the fracture causes a break in the skin

Question 39

What do open fractures increase the risk of?

Answer 39

Infection

Question 40

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 40

When the bone wasn’t given enough time to recover after a period of stress. It’s like a fatigue fracture

Question 41

What is a Salter-Harris fracture?

Answer 41

A growth plate fracture

Question 42

What tissue/organ does a dislocation impact?

Answer 42

A joint

Question 43

What is a dislocation?

Answer 43

Displacement of bone surfaces comprising a joint

Question 44

What is subluxation?

Answer 44

Partial displacement. This occurs when the joint shifts out of place and goes back in.

Question 45

What is luxation?

Answer 45

Total displacement. When this occurs you get a lot of structural damage to ligaments.

Question 46

What tissue/organ does a concussion impact?

Answer 46

The brain, specifically microscopic damage is done to the axon bundles

Question 47

What is a concussion?

Answer 47

A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)

Question 48

What are the three classifications of sports

Answer 48

1. contact/collision 2. limited contact/impact 3. non-contact

Question 49

Why is the classification of sports important?

Answer 49

It allows you to be better trained for the types of injuries you may see, and you can have the proper medical supervision and specific recommendations for coverage present