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ATR2010C > Concepts of injury > Flashcards

Concepts of injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sports injury

A

There is none! You can only characterize sports injuries!

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2
Q

What are sports injuries characterized by?

A

-Sports participation
-The body area involved in the injury
-Tissue damaged
-Severity
-Mechanism (how did it occur/what caused it)
-Time lost or how long away from competition
-Was the athlete evaluated by medical personnel and did they receive treatment

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3
Q

What are the three types of force

A
  1. Compressive
  2. tension
  3. shear
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4
Q

What is a compressive force?

A

A direct flow or blunt force

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5
Q

What is a tension (tensile) force?

A

Pulling apart

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6
Q

What is a shear (friction) force?

A

Rubbing or twisting

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7
Q

What force is connective tissue the most resistant to?

A

Tensile forces

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8
Q

What force(s) is/are connective tissues the least resistant to?

A

Compressive and shear forces

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9
Q

What force(s) typically cause injuries

A

A combination of forces

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10
Q

What is critical force?

A

The yield point; the point where you start damaging your tissues to the point of injury

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11
Q

What are injures responding to when they occur?

A

Mechanical forces that exceed the critical force level of a particular tissue.

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12
Q

Does every type of tissue in every person have the same critical force?

A

No, every body and every muscle is different and has a different critical force

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13
Q

What is macro-trauma?

A

Damage from a single force

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14
Q

What is micro-trauma?

A

Damage from multiple, repetitive forces (fatigue)

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15
Q

Why may critical force vary within the same tissue?

A

-genetics
-age
-temperature (if it’s warm the tissue may be more pliable)
-skeletal maturity
-previous injury

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16
Q

Do elastic materials resist deformation when stressed?

A

No, viscous (or plastic) materials do (like play dough)

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17
Q

Do viscous materials resist deformation when stressed?

A

Yes!

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18
Q

What are the 5 injury categories?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Acute on chronic
  4. Chronic on acute
  5. Catastrophic
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19
Q

What are acute injuries characterized by?

A

Rapid onset, resulting from a macro-traumatic event

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20
Q

What symptoms do acute injuries typically have?

A

Pain, swelling, and loss of function

21
Q

What are chronic injuries characterized by?

A

Slow, insidious onset, resulting from a series of micro-traumatic events

22
Q

What are chronic injuries typically called?

A

Overuse injuries

23
Q

What are common sites for chronic injuries?

A

Achilles, patellar, and the rotator cuff

24
Q

What characterizes an acute on chronic injury?

A

A chronic injury with lingering symptoms (micro trauma)

25
Q

What characterizes a chronic on acute injury?

A

an acute injury that becomes a chronic condition

26
Q

What characterizes a catastrophic injury?

A

It is serious, life-threatening injury or causes a disability (typically neurological).
It can result in permanent impairment, but not always

27
Q

What are some examples of catastrophic injuries?

A

-Spinal cord injury
-traumatic brain injury (but not a concussion)
-heat stroke
-anaphylactic shock
-sudden cardiac arrest
-massive blood loss

28
Q

What are the main types of injuries? (there are 6)

A
  1. Sprains
  2. Strains
  3. Contusions
  4. Fractures
  5. Dislocations
  6. Concussions
29
Q

What type of tissue/organ does a sprain involve?

A

ligaments

30
Q

What type of tissue/organ does a strain involve?

A

tendons, muscle, or musculotendious juntions

31
Q

What type of tissue/organ does a contusion involve?

A

The skin, muscle, and/or bone.

32
Q

What are contusions associated with?

A

Pain, stiffness, swelling, ecchymosis, and hematoma

33
Q

What long term effect can a contusion potentially lead to?

A

Myositis ossificans.

34
Q

What is myositis ossificans?

A

When bone or calcium deposits begin to form in the area of injury as a protection method

35
Q

What type of tissue/organ does a fracture involve?

A

Bone

36
Q

What are the 4 types of fractures?

A
  1. closed
  2. open
  3. stress
  4. Salter-Harris
37
Q

What is a closed fracture?

A

When there is structural damage to the bone, but its not displaced.

38
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

When the fracture causes a break in the skin

39
Q

What do open fractures increase the risk of?

A

Infection

40
Q

What is a stress fracture?

A

When the bone wasn’t given enough time to recover after a period of stress.
It’s like a fatigue fracture

41
Q

What is a Salter-Harris fracture?

A

A growth plate fracture

42
Q

What tissue/organ does a dislocation impact?

A

A joint

43
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Displacement of bone surfaces comprising a joint

44
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Partial displacement. This occurs when the joint shifts out of place and goes back in.

45
Q

What is luxation?

A

Total displacement. When this occurs you get a lot of structural damage to ligaments.

46
Q

What tissue/organ does a concussion impact?

A

The brain, specifically microscopic damage is done to the axon bundles

47
Q

What is a concussion?

A

A mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)

48
Q

What are the three classifications of sports

A
  1. contact/collision
  2. limited contact/impact
  3. non-contact
49
Q

Why is the classification of sports important?

A

It allows you to be better trained for the types of injuries you may see, and you can have the proper medical supervision and specific recommendations for coverage present

ATR2010C (19 decks)

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