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ATR2010C > Neck/spine injuries > Flashcards

Neck/spine injuries Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7 (C1-C7)

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2
Q

What does C1 articulate with?

A

the occipital bone

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3
Q

What motion of the neck is the atlanto-occipital joint in charge of?

A

Nodding head up and down

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4
Q

What does C2 articulate with?

A

C1

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5
Q

What motion of the neck is the atlanto-axial joint in charge of?

A

Nodding head side to side

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6
Q

What is another name for the C1?

A

the atlas

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7
Q

what is another name for C2?

A

Axis

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8
Q

What is in main goal of the vertebrae?

A

protect the spinal cord

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9
Q

what do the intervertebral discs help with?

A

spacing and movement

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10
Q

does the lumbar or cervical spine take the initial forces upon impact?

A

the cervical spine.

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11
Q

What motion is flexion of the neck in charge of?

A

chin to chest (forward), eat to shoulder (side)

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12
Q

what motion is extension?

A

looking at the ceiling

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13
Q

what motion is rotation?

A

chin to shoulder

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14
Q

what is “segmented” motion?

A

when there is no true hinge joint

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15
Q

True or false: each vertebrae contributes a portion to overall movement of neck?

A

true

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16
Q

what does axial loading do?

A

places the neck in a slightly flexed position (a segmented column)

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17
Q

what are the 5 common mechanisms of injury?

A

hyperflexion, hyperextension, rotation, lateral flexion, and axial loading

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18
Q

when did the NCAA enact the rule barring “spearing”?

A

1976

19
Q

What are 4 intrinsic predisposing risk factors?

A
  1. cervical or spinal stenosis
  2. weak musculature
  3. long, thin neck
  4. previous neck injury
20
Q

what are the 5 aspects of the path-mechanics to axial loading?

A
  1. axial loading (the mechanism)
  2. compression deformation
  3. critical force (threshold reached)
  4. buckling
  5. failure
21
Q

Where does buckling typically occur?

A

C3, C4, and C5

22
Q

What is the #1 priority for catastrophic cervical spine injuries?

A

immobilize the head and neck

23
Q

What should you not do (specifically in football) when there is a suspected head and neck injury?

A
  • remove the helmet
  • move the athlete
  • use ammonia capsules
  • rush through the secondary survey
24
Q

should you use a soft or rigid brace for suspected catastrophic CSI?

A

rigid

25
Q

true or false: you should always assume a catastrophic CSI with a suspected head injury until you can rule out the concussion?

A

true

26
Q

What are the three types of CSI?

A
  1. strain/sprain
  2. Fracture/dislocation
  3. Brachial Plexopathy
27
Q

what is the most common CSI?

A

strain/sprain

28
Q

what is brachial plexopathy?

A

a disruption in function that could cause pain and weakness

29
Q

could fractures/dislocations cause spinal cord injuries?

A

yes

30
Q

what are the MOIs for sprains and strains?

A

whiplash (hyperextension), hyperflexion, extension, and rotation

31
Q

what muscles do sprains and strains involve?

A

ones that support/move neck and ligaments that support the spine

32
Q

what could strains and sprains lead to?

A

the pain-spasm-pain cycle

33
Q

What is the goal of acute care?

A

to break the pain-spasm-pain cycle with the use of modalities

34
Q

what modalities should be used during acute care treatment?

A

cryotherapy, heat, and positioning

35
Q

what is a stable fracture?

A

there is no displacement of bone that occurs.

36
Q

do stable fractures involve the spinal cord?

A

no

37
Q

what is a complete fracture/dislocation?

A

function below the neurological level is lost. there is no sensory or motor function below that level.

38
Q

what is an incomplete fracture/dislocation?

A

some sensation and movement below the level is retained.

39
Q

where do most catastrophic SCI injuries occur?

A

from C3-C5

40
Q

where on the spine does a fracture/dislocation occur that leads to quadriplegia or tetraplegia?

A

C1/C2

41
Q

What are primary injuries a result from?

A

damage from initial traumatic event

42
Q

what occurs during a primary injury?

A

there’s a fracture to vertebral segments

43
Q

what are secondary damages from?

A

inflammatory response

44
Q

what do SCI result in?

A

myelopathy (demyelination) and fibrosis

ATR2010C (19 decks)

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