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ATR2010C > dermatological conditions > Flashcards

dermatological conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ dog the body?

A

the skin

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2
Q

what system is the skin a part of?

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

what tissue makes up the epidermis?

A

epithelial

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4
Q

what tissue primarily makes up the dermis?

A

connective

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5
Q

what are the 4 primary functions of the skin?

A
  1. sense
  2. protection
  3. temperature regulation
  4. vitamin D synthesis
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6
Q

what is a blister?

A

a pocket of fluid (serous or blister water) in epidermal layers

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7
Q

what layer does a blister hit when it becomes a blood blister?

A

the dermal layer

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8
Q

what causes a blister to form?

A

friction or rubbing forces

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9
Q

what is an abrasion?

A

rubbing or scraping of the epithelium

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10
Q

do abrasions always bleed?

A

no, only if it reaches the dermal layers

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11
Q

what is the key aspect of an incision?

A

a clean cut

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12
Q

does a sharp object or a blunt object create an incision?

A

sharp

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13
Q

what are two key aspects of a laceration?

A

jagged edges and it reaches the dermal layer

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14
Q

what is an avulsion?

A

a gouging or pulling away of a skin section

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15
Q

true or false: you should remove the skin flap with an avulsion.

A

false

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16
Q

what are the 4 steps to wound management

A
  1. control the bleeding
  2. cleansing and debridement
  3. prevent infection
  4. apply sterile dressing
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17
Q

how do you control bleeding?

A

direct pressure to help with coagulation

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18
Q

what two things should be used to help prevent infections?

A

antiseptic solutions and antibiotic ointment

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19
Q

how big should a wound be to need sutures?

A

> 3 cm

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20
Q

what layers are impacted with a superficial wound?

A

epidermal layers

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21
Q

what layers are impacted with a deep wound?

A

dermal layers

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22
Q

what replaces connective tissue during healing in deep wounds?

A

scar tissue

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23
Q

what helps limit scarring during wound healing?

A

approximation of margins

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24
Q

what is a hypertrophic scar?

A

one that stays within boundaries of the would with parallel alignment

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25
Q

what is a keloid scar?

A

grows beyond boundaries of the wound, can form a nodule or tumor-like appearance

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26
Q

what causes premature aging of skin, drying and wrinkling (pruning)

A

chronic overexposure to UV light

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27
Q

what is melanin?

A

the natural “dark” pigment that protects skin

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28
Q

how does melanin protect the skin?

A

absorbs UV radiation

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29
Q

true or false: only UV-A is related to skin cancer

A

false, both UV-A and UV-B are related

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30
Q

What is the best SPF for protection against UV rays?

A

SPF 30

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31
Q

what percentage of UV is blocked by SPF 30

A

~97%

32
Q

what individuals are at a higher risk against UV rays?

A

light skin tone and those on prescription drugs

33
Q

what is neoplasm

A

abnormal or excessive growth, develops into a tumor, malignant form is cancer

34
Q

what are the 3 common forms of skin cancer?

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Malignant melanomas
35
Q

what is the most common cancer in young women and is considered life threatening?

A

malignant melanomas

36
Q

what type of skin cancer rarely metastasizes?

A

basal cell carcinoma

37
Q

What are the A, B, C, and Ds of melanoma

A

Asymmetric
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter

38
Q

what are the 2 types of bacterial infections?

A

staphylococcus and streptococcus

39
Q

is staphylococcus made from clumps or chains?

A

clumps

40
Q

are staph and strep single celled micro-organisms?

A

yes

41
Q

what type of bacterial infection is pus producing?

A

pyoderma

42
Q

what type of bacteria causes folliculitis?

A

staph

43
Q

what is the main cause of folliculitis?

A

shaving or skin irritation that creates infected hair follicles

44
Q

what are ways to manage folliculitis?

A

topical ointments, antiseptic washes, or oral antibiotics

45
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

a staph or strep infection that spreads rapidly and affects the dermis and subQ of legs and arms

46
Q

are carbuncles/furuncles caused by strep or staph?

A

staph

47
Q

what are s/s of carbuncles/furuncles

A

red, swollen, inflamed lesion, pus-filled, tender to touch, swollen lymph nodes, may have a fever

48
Q

what is the treatment to carbuncles?

A

warm soaks or compress, antibiotics, and/or surgical drainage

49
Q

how is impetigo contagiosa transmitted?

A

direct body contact with open wound or insect bites

50
Q

what is the treatment to impetigo

A

topical and/or oral antibiotics

51
Q

what are the s/s to impetigo?

A

itching, red, oozing, crusty, tender

52
Q

what does MRSA stand for?

A

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

53
Q

what does ORSA stand for?

A

oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

54
Q

how are MRSA and ORSA transmitted?

A

direct contact, infected clothing or hygiene products

55
Q

true or false, viruses don’t require a host cell to survive

A

false

56
Q

what is a virus?

A

a nucleic acid, and an ultramicroscopic organism

57
Q

where is HSV 1 common?

A

mouth and nasal mucosa

58
Q

where is HSV 2 common?

A

genitalia

59
Q

how are viruses transmitted?

A

through direct contact with open wound or mucosa

60
Q

what type of tissue does dermatophytosis impact?

A

superficial keratinized tissue

61
Q

what type of dermatological condition is ringworm (tines)

A

fungal

62
Q

what is tines capitus?

A

a fungal infection that infects hair follicles and creates scalp lesions

63
Q

what is corporis?

A

a fungal infection that affects the torso, arms, and legs

64
Q

how is corporis characterized?

A

circular wheel patterns with red raised patches inside

65
Q

what is the common name for tines pedis?

A

athletes foot

66
Q

where does athletes foot start?

A

the web spaces between toes

67
Q

what are s/s of athletes foot?

A

scaling, flaking, and itching that could progress beyond the toes

68
Q

what is tines unguium?

A

a fungal infection that impacts the nail bed or plate (fungi embedded within)

69
Q

is tines versicolor yeast or mold?

A

yeast

70
Q

what does the yeast feed on with versicolor?

A

skin oils, and thrives in warm and humid conditions

71
Q

what is the treatment solution for fungal infections

A

anti-fungal agents or topical applications

72
Q

what is contact dermatitis?

A

an allergic reaction caused by direct contact?

73
Q

what 3 things can cause contact dermatitis?

A
  1. chemical triggers (allergens)
  2. mechanical triggers (irritants)
  3. hypersensitivity disorders
74
Q

what are the classic s/s of contact dermatitis?

A

hives, redness, swelling, and itching

75
Q

what is chilblains?

A

a reaction that occurs when the skin is exposed to wind and/or cold contact

ATR2010C (19 decks)

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