Osteoporosis

Question 1

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 1

Skeletal condition characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone strength

Question 2

What are non-modifiable risk factors?

Answer 2

>65
Female
Caucasian or south asians 
FH 
History of low trauma fracture

Question 3

What are modifiable risk factors?

Answer 3

Low body weight 
Early menopause <45
Calcium/vit D deficiency
Smoking 
Alcohol excess
Corticosteroids

Question 4

How is osteoporosis diagnosed?

Answer 4

DEXA scan (T score)

Question 5

What is the T score?

Answer 5

Number of standard deviations drom mean bone density of persons of same gender

Question 6

What is an osteoporosis T score?

Answer 6

< - 2.5

Question 7

What is a normal T score?

Answer 7

> /= -1

Question 8

What is an osteopenia T score?

Answer 8

-1 - -2.5

Question 9

How is osteopenia managed?

Answer 9

Vitamin D supplements
Weight bearing exercise
Smoking cessation
Limiting alcohol

Question 10

How is osteoporosis managed?

Answer 10

Vitamin D + calcium supplements

Oral bisphosphonates

Question 11

What are secondary causes of osteoporosis?

Answer 11

Coeliac disease
Eating disorders
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperthyroidism