Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of osteoporosis?

A

Reduction in bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. T score of <2.5

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2
Q

How common is osteoporosis?

A

Common

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3
Q

What is the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?

A
  • 2 types of bone: cortical and trabecular
  • Osteoblasts = bone formation → secrete osteoid
  • Osteoclasts = bone reabsorption
  • Bone formation takes longer than bone reabsorption therefore remodelling leads to bone loss
  • Many things modulate bone formation e.g. hormones, prostaglandins
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4
Q

What are the risk factors/aetiology of osteoporosis?

A
  • Female – especially after menopause
  • Age
  • Hypogonadism
  • Immobilisation
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Chronic renal disease
  • COPD
  • GI disease
  • Ca/Vit D deficiency
  • Drugs – steroids, hepatin
  • Cushings/hyperthyroidism
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
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5
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of osteoporosis?

A
  • Fragility factures – wrist, spine, NOF
  • Kyphosis
  • Widow’s stoop
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6
Q

What investigations are required to diagnose osteoporosis?

A
  • DEXA scan
  • X-rays
  • Ca/P levels
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7
Q

What are the pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?

A
  • Analgesia
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Vitamin D/Calcium supplements
  • Bisphosphonates
  • HRT
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8
Q

What are the non pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis?

A
  • Bed rest
  • Regular weight bearing exercises
  • Smoking cessation
  • ↓ alcohol intake
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