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Anatomy > Osseus Tissue and Skeletal Structure > Flashcards

Osseus Tissue and Skeletal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is considered appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones of limbs and bones of limbs that connect to the trunk

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2
Q

Bone is separated from surrounding tissues by what?

A

Fibrous periosteum

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3
Q

When bones surround another tissue what are the inner bony surfaces lined by?

A

Cellular endosteum

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4
Q

What enables bone to resist compression?

A

Calcium phosphate crystals

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5
Q

What do collagen fibers and noncollagenous proteins do for bone?

A

Provide strength and organic framework for for the formation of mineral crystals

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6
Q

What are the cells of mature bone?

A

Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoclasts

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7
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells that maintain and monitor protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix. Calcium release from bone to blood.

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8
Q

Lacunae

A

Filled with osteocytes they are between layers of calcified matrix

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9
Q

Lamellae

A

Matrix layers that surround lacunae

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10
Q

Canaliculi

A

Channels Containing ground substance, interconnect osteocytes situated in adjacent lacunae

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11
Q

What junction interconnects processes of osteocytes and Canaliculi ?

A

Tight junctions

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Secrete osteoid and responsible for the production of new bone. If it gets surrounded by matrix, it becomes an osteocyte

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13
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Found in inner most periosteum and endosteum lining the medullary cavities, they can differentiate into osteoblasts.

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14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Found at sites where bone is removed and secrete acid which perform osteolysis.

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15
Q

Osteolysis

A

Erosion of calcium and phosphate into the blood due to an exocytosis of lysosomes

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16
Q

What are the two types of osseus tissue?

A

Compact bone and Spongy bone

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17
Q

Osteon

A

Basic functional unit of compact bone that includes rings of osteocytes around the central canal

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18
Q

Central canal

A

Canal that contains blood vessels that supply the osteon. Haversian canal

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19
Q

What is the difference between central canals and perforating canals?

A

Central canals are parallel to bone surface. Perforating canals are perpendicular to the cell surface

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20
Q

Preforating canal

A

Volkmanns canal. Deliver blood deeper into the bone and service the medullary cavity

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21
Q

Concentric Lamellae

A

Aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone. Resembles a bulls eye target around central canal

22
Q

Interstitial Lamellae

A

Fill in the spaces between the osteons in compact bone

23
Q

Circumferential Lamellae

A

Occur at the inner and external surfaces of the bone.

24
Q

What is the difference between spongy bone and compact bone?

A

Arrangement of spongy bone into trabeculae

25
Q

Trabeculae

A

Found in spongy bone. Parallel thick branching plates giving spongy bone strength

26
Q

What does spongy bone do for muscles and skeleton?

A

Reduces the weight of skeleton and makes it easier for muscles to move the bones

27
Q

Periosteum

A

Covers superficial layer of compact bone

28
Q

Where is a periosteum not complete?

A

Within a joint

29
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of bone

30
Q

Cortex

A

Surrounds the medullary cavity

31
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone

32
Q

Metaphysis

A

Where the diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis

33
Q

Fracture

A

When a bone breaks from impact to the side

34
Q

Which bone type is more capable of handling stresses from different directions?

A

Spongy

35
Q

Perforating fibers

A

Collagen fibers incorporated into bone tissue from tendons and superficial periosteum

36
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines medullary cavity and contains osteoprogenitor cells, covers trabeculae, lines canals. Most active during growth of bone, repair

37
Q

Ossification

A

Process of replacing other tissues with bone

38
Q

What are the two major forms of ossification?

A

Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

39
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Bone develops from Mesenchyme or fibrous connective tissue. Occurs in formation of bones such as the clavicle, mandible, and flat bones of the face and skull

40
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Bone replaces an existing cartilage model. Bones of limbs and those that bear weight develop by this method

41
Q

Epiphyseal closure

A

Rate of epiphyseal cartilage enlargement slows and osteoblasts activity accelerates. Epiphyseal cartilage gets narrow until it disappears

42
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Line that occurs after epiphyseal growth has ended

43
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin cap of exposed cartilage that prevents damaging bone to bone contact

44
Q

What mechanism of growth enlarges the diameter of bone?

A

Appositional Growth

45
Q

What are the four major blood vessels in a typical long bone?

A

Nutrient artery and vein, metaphyseal vessels, epiphyseal vessels, and periosteal vessels

46
Q

Metaphyseal vessels

A

Supply blood to inner surface of epiphyseal cartilage, where bone is replacing cartilage

47
Q

Epiphyseal vessels

A

Uses foramina to supply osseous tissue and medullary cavities

48
Q

Periosteal vessels

A

Provide blood to the superficial osteons of the shaft

49
Q

Osteopenia

A

Inadequate ossification when aging

50
Q

What is considered the axial skeleton?

A

Bones of the skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

Anatomy (16 decks)

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