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Anatomy > Exam 4 Urinary > Flashcards

Exam 4 Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What are functions of the urinary system?

A

Filter plasma, regulate blood pressure and blood volume, secrete renin and erythropoietin, secrete calcitrol, buffer blood, detoxify blood, gluconeogenesis

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2
Q

Renin function

A

Causes vasoconstriction leading to sodium retention and higher BP. Leads to ADH production

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3
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Increases concentration of RBCs, increase viscosity, increase blood pressure

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4
Q

Where is renal fascia?

A

Anterior towards the abdominal wall

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5
Q

Nepharatosis

A

Drooping of kidney if adipose capsule deteriorates

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6
Q

What is the space that renal sinus opens into?

A

Hilum

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7
Q

What are renal medulla surrounded by?

A

Cortical tissue

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8
Q

How much of the cardiac output does the kidney obtain?

A

20-25%

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9
Q

What does the renal artery branch into?

A

Segmental arteries

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10
Q

What do segmental arteries divide into?

A

Interlobar arteries

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11
Q

What does the interlobar arteries supply blood to?

A

Arcuate arteries between renal cortex and medulla

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12
Q

What does the arcuate arteries give rise to?

A

Cortical radiate arteries or interlobular arteries that supply individual nephrons

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13
Q

Name the order of blood vessels that make up the renal vein

A

Interlobular vein to arcuate vein to interlobar vein to renal vein

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14
Q

Functions of sympathetic innervation of kidneys

A

Regulation of renal blood flow and pressure. Renin release. Stimulation of water and sodium reabsorption

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15
Q

What branches off of Interlobular arteries?

A

Afferent arterioles

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16
Q

What does peritubular capillaries drain into?

A

Small Venules that carry blood to the interlobular veins

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17
Q

A person with diabetes insipidis would have problems with

A

Reabsorption

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18
Q

What two tissue types are in ureters?

A

Smooth muscle and transitional epithelium

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19
Q

Where does most reabsorption occur

A

PCT

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20
Q

What is responsible for creating hypertonicity for reabsorption of water?

A

Vasa recta

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21
Q

What is vasa recta?

A

Small group of slender capillaries that reabsorb water and return it to the general circulation

22
Q

Where are podocytes located?

A

Visceral epithelium that covers glomerular capillaries

23
Q

Where are glomerular capillaries connected to blood stream?

A

Vascular pole where the connection between parietal and visceral epithelium takes place

24
Q

What kind of capillaries are glomerular capillaries?

A

Fenestrated capillaries

25
Q

What physical barriers must filtrate go through?

A

Capillary endothelium, basal lamina, and glomerular epithelium

26
Q

When the basal lamina of the renal corpuscle encircles two or more capillaries, what cells are present?

A

Mesangial cells

27
Q

What are functions of mesangial cells?

A

Physical support for capillaries, engulf organic materials, regulate diameter of capillaries, and regulate blood flow and filtration

28
Q

Where are thick segments of the nephron loop often found?

A

Cortex

29
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the thin segment of the nephron loop?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

30
Q

What kind of transport does the thick segment of ascending limb of Nephron loop have?

A

Active transport

31
Q

Thin ascending and descending limbs are only freely permeable to what?

A

Water

32
Q

How does DCT differ from PCT?

A

DCT has smaller diameter, epithelial cells lack microvilli, boundaries between epithelial cells in the DCT are distinct

33
Q

What is the DCT an important site for?

A

Active secretion, selective reabsorption of sodium, selective reabsorption of water

34
Q

What is the macula densa?

A

Epithelial cells near afferent arteriole in DCT at vascular pole. They monitor electrolyte concentration

35
Q

What cells form the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Macula densa, extra glomerular mesengial cells, juxtaglomerular cells

36
Q

What is the trigone function?

A

Channel urine into urethra when bladder is full

37
Q

Function of detrusor muscle

A

Compresses bladder putting contents into the urethra

38
Q

In the micturition reflex, the pelvic nerves carry impulses that are generated into the sacral spinal cord. What comes next to make us aware?

A

Parasympathetic motor neurons in spinal cord, contraction of urinary bladder, interneurons relay sensations to cerebral cortex

39
Q

Three layers deep to superficial stabilizing kidney

A

Fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia

40
Q

What does a renal lobe contain?

A

Renal pyramid, overlying area of renal cortex, and renal columns

41
Q

Where does urine production occur?

A

Renal lobes

42
Q

What is in the renal medulla?

A

Renal pyramids, renal papilla, renal columns

43
Q

What do cortical radiate arteries supply?

A

Renal lobe

44
Q

What does afferent arterioles supply?

A

Individual nephrons

45
Q

Secondary processes are separated by filtration slits. What kind of filtrate does filtration slits bring about?

A

Water with dissolved ions, small organic molecules, and few plasma proteins

46
Q

Where does entry into the PCT lie?

A

Tubular pole of renal corpuscle

47
Q

What can basal lamina let through?

A

Small plasma proteins ions nutrients

48
Q

What kind of pores does capillary endothelium have?

A

Large pores that restrict diffusion of blood cells but allow for large proteins and solutes

49
Q

What can’t pass through filtration slits?

A

Plasma proteins

50
Q

Glomerular filtrate is free from what?

A

Proteins

Anatomy (16 decks)

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