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Anatomy > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the papillary layer

A

Nourishes and supports the epidermis

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2
Q

What are the accessory structures?

A

Hair follicles, exocrine glands, and nails

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3
Q

What are the two types of cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

What are some functions of the integumentary system?

A

Physical protection, synthesis/storage of lipids, coordination of immune response, sensory information, synthesis of vitamin D3, excretion, thermoregulation

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5
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis (deep to superficial)?

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinousum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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6
Q

Characteristics of stratum corneum

A

Most superficial, flattened dead cells, thick plasmalemma, no organelles,relatively dry, protects against bacteria, keratinization

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7
Q

Characteristics of stratus lucidum

A

Only on thick skin, appears glassy, lack organelles, keratin filaments that are oriented parallel, flattened nuclei

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8
Q

Characteristics of stratum granulosum

A

Most superficial layer of skin in which all cells have a nucleus, make water resistant layer, where calluses stem from, formation of keratohyalin, formation of keratin

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9
Q

What forms calluses?

A

Increased friction of the skin stimulates an increased rate of synthesis for keratin and keratohyalin within the stratum granulosum

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10
Q

Characteristics of stratum spinosum

A

Where cells begin to differentiate into a keratinocyte, thickest layer for support, tonofibrils, melanocytes, langerhans cells

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11
Q

Tonofibrils

A

Begin and end at the macula adherens, they connect and strengthen cell junctions

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12
Q

What are desmosomes of the stratum spinosum called?

A

Macula adherens

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13
Q

What ties keratinocytes and stratum spinosum together?

A

Macula adherens and tonofibrils

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14
Q

Characteristics of the stratum basale

A

Deepest epidermal layer, contain stem cells, melanocytes, and merkel cells. Where cell division occurs

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15
Q

What are the cells of the epidermis?

A

Basal cells, keratinocytes, merkel, and langerhans

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16
Q

What is the cutaneous plexus?

A

Artery and vein in the hypodermis

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17
Q

What is the other name for the hypodermis?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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18
Q

What loose connective tissue make up the papillary layer?

A

Areolar connective tissue

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19
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the reticular layer?

A

Dense irregular tissue

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20
Q

Why is dense irregular tissue used in the dermis?

A

It can be stretched in many directions

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21
Q

What are epidermal ridges?

A

Found in stratum basale. Genetically determined they are our fingerprints. They increase surface area of the ski and increase friction for a firm grasp.

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22
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Projections of the dermis towards the epidermis

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23
Q

Melanosomes

A

Intracellular vesicles with melanin that color keratinocytes until destroyed by lysosomes.

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24
Q

Where does the Melanosome transfer occur in light skin individuals?

A

Stratum basale and stratum spinosum causing cells of the superficial layers to lose pigmentation

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25
Q

Where does Melanosome transfer occur in dark skin individuals?

A

Occurs in stratum basale, stratum spinosum, and stratum granulosum making skin darker and more persistent

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26
Q

Subpapillary plexus

A

Small arteries enter a branching network in the papillary layer

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27
Q

What are two reasons blood circulation must be regulated in the skin?

A

Thermoregulation and equal distribution to other organs

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28
Q

Tactile discs

A

Touch receptors of the skin

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29
Q

Pacinian Corpsucle

A

Deep pressure and vibration. Located in the reticular layer

30
Q

Meissners Corpsucle

A

Light touch sensation. In papillary region

31
Q

Ruffini Corpsucle

A

Nerve for stretching. Between papillary and reticular layer. Chili pepper in diagram

32
Q

Merkel cells

A

Located in the epidermis. Fine touch in stratum basale. Yellow and star shaped in the model

33
Q

What are the names of the tactile discs (tactile receptors)?

A

Pacinian Corpsucle, Ruffini Corpsucle, Meissners Corpsucle, and Merkel cells

34
Q

What are functions of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

A

Allowing independent movement between skin and tissues, energy reserve (for infants), shock absorb (for infants), useful method for injecting drugs

35
Q

The organs that form hair are __________

A

Hair follicles

36
Q

Hair papilla

A

Peg of connective tissue containing capillaries and nerves. Located at the Epithelium at the hair follicle base

37
Q

Hair bulb

A

Epithelial cells that surround the hair papilla

38
Q

What is the medulla of hair?

A

The core

39
Q

What does the medulla of hair contain?

A

Soft keratin, which is soft and flexible

40
Q

Cortex of hair

A

Matrix cells closer to the edge of the developing hair. Contains hard keratin that gives hair its stiffness

41
Q

What kind of cells make up the cuticle of hair?

A

Dead Keratinized cells

42
Q

Hair root function

A

Attaches hair to the hair follicle

43
Q

Hair shaft

A

Part of hair we see on the surface

44
Q

What makes up the hair follicle structure?

A

Internal root sheath, external root sheath, and glassy membrane

45
Q

Internal root sheath

A

Surround the hair root . Ends at sebaceous gland

46
Q

External root sheath

A

Extends from skin surface to hair matrix.

47
Q

Glassy membrane

A

Thickened basal lamina of hair, wrapped in a dense connective sheath

48
Q

Root hair plexus

A

Provides sensitivity to movement of hair

49
Q

Arrector pilli muscle

A

Ribbon of smooth muscle that extends from the papillary layer of the dermis to the connective sheath of the hair follicle. Elevates hair. Responsible for goosebumps

50
Q

Lanugo

A

Unpigmented hair in embryonic development

51
Q

What are the three types of hairs?

A

Vellus hairs, intermediate hairs, and terminal hairs

52
Q

Vellus hairs

A

Peach fuzz hair found on body surfaces (facial hair)

53
Q

Terminal hair

A

Heavily pigmented hair that can be curly (ex pubic hair or head hair)

54
Q

Intermediate hair

A

Hair that changes in distribution (ex upper and lower limbs)

55
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Found in dermis, using Holocrine secretion. They can simple alveolar or simple branched alveolar. Secrete sebum

56
Q

Sebum

A

Oily secretion that provides lubrication and inhibit bacterial growth. Protects keratin of hair shaft

57
Q

Sebaceous follicles

A

Sebaceous glands that communicate directly with the epidermis and do not produce hairs. They are found on face, back, nipples, and male sex organs

58
Q

Folliculitis

A

Inflammation caused by bacteria in glands or follicles

59
Q

Furuncle

A

Boil caused by blockage in glands

60
Q

Sudoriferous Apocrine sweat glands

A

Sweat glands that release secretions into hair follicles in armpits, nipples, and groin

61
Q

Sudoriferous Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

A

Coiled tubular sweat glands that secrete sweat playing a role in thermoregulation, excretion, and protection

62
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Underlying basal lamina they squeeze sweat glands and discharge secretions

63
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Modified sweat glands in external auditory canal. Make cerumen

64
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax

65
Q

Nail body covers the ________

A

Nail bed

66
Q

Where does nail production occur?

A

Nail root

67
Q

What bounds the nail body?

A

Nail grooves and nail folds

68
Q

Eponychium (cuticle)

A

Region that connects the nail to the skin

69
Q

Lunula

A

Pale crescent near base of nail where blood vessels are obscured

70
Q

Hyponychium

A

Free edge of nail body that extends over a thickened stratum corneum

Anatomy (16 decks)

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