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Anatomy > Foundations > Flashcards

Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system

A

Support, protection of soft tissues; mineral storage; blood formation

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2
Q

Muscular system major function

A

Locomotion, support, and heat production

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3
Q

Nervous System Major Function

A

Directing immediate responses to stimuli ,usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems

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4
Q

Endocrine system major function

A

Directing long term changes in the activities of other organ systems

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5
Q

Cardiovascular system major function

A

Internal transport of cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases

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6
Q

Lymphatic system major function

A

Defense against infection and disease

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7
Q

Respiratory system major function

A

Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood

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8
Q

Digestive System major function

A

Processing of food and absorption of organic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water

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9
Q

Urinary System major function

A

Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products. Controls pH

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10
Q

Reproductive system major function

A

Production of sex cells and hormones

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11
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up

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12
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Toward an attached base

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14
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline (towards umbilical)

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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16
Q

Distal

A

Away from an attached base. (E.g. Fingers are distal to the wrist)

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17
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the body surface

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18
Q

Anterior or ventral

A

Front (belly side)

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19
Q

Posterior or dorsal

A

The back or behind

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20
Q

Cranial or cephalic

A

Toward the head

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21
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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22
Q

Transverse plane

A

Cuts body horizontally

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23
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Cuts body vertically

24
Q

Frontal or coronal plane

A

Cuts body vertically but can see front of body

25
Q

What does the ventral body cavity contain?

A

Contains organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems

26
Q

Viscera

A

Organs that project into cavities. They change size and shape. They project into moist internal chambers that allow for expansion and limited movement

27
Q

What does he thoracic cavity contain?

A

Lung, heart, inferior portion of the esophagus, thymus

28
Q

What establishes the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

A

Muscles and bones of the chest wall and diaphragm, muscular sheets that separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal

29
Q

The pleural cavity contains

A

The lungs

30
Q

Pleura

A

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity. Reduces friction as the lung expands and recoils.

31
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Covers the outer surfaces of the lung

32
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Covers the opposing mediastinal surface and the inner body wall

33
Q

Mediastinum

A

Mass of connective tissue that surrounds, stabilizes, and supports the esophagus, trachea, thymus, and major blood vessels to and from heart

34
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Small chamber that surrounds the heart. It is within the mediastinum

35
Q

Pericardium

A

Serous membrane covering the heart

36
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Inner portion of the pericardial cavity that covers heart

37
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Outer portion of the pericardial cavity

38
Q

What does the abdominal pelvic cavity contain?

A

Peritoneal cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

39
Q

Mesenteries

A

A double sheet of peritoneum that provides support and stability for the stomach, small intestine, and portion of the large intestine. In the peritoneal cavity

40
Q

Parietal of cavities usually means

A

Lining the body wall

41
Q

Visceral for body cavities usually means

A

Covering the enclosed organs

42
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

Liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, small intestine and most of the large intestine.

43
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains the last segment of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and various reproductive organs

44
Q

Cytology

A

Analyze the internal structures of cells

45
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

46
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A

Connective, epithelial, muscle, and neural

47
Q

What does microscopic anatomy allow us to do?

A

See structures that cannot be seen with the unaided eye

48
Q

Tissues in combination form

A

Organs

49
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Examination of large structures to the unaided eye

50
Q

Systemic approach of gross anatomy

A

Structure of major organ systems

51
Q

Essential elements in the body

A

Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

52
Q

What makes muscle cells different?

A

They contract shortening their longitudinal axis

53
Q

What are the 11 organ systems?

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive

54
Q

Respiration

A

Absorption, transport, and use of oxygen by cells

55
Q

Integumentary system major function

A

Protection from environmental hazards and temp control

Anatomy (16 decks)

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