Orthopaedics

Question 1

features of iliopsoas abscess?

Answer 1

collection of pus in iliopsoas compartment
fever, flank pain, limp, wt loss
-»>pain on extension of hip, resisted flexion of hip

Question 2

investigation for iliopsoas abscess?

Answer 2

CT abdomen

Question 3

mgt of iliopsoas abscess?

Answer 3

abx
percutaneous drainage
surgery if:
1. failure of percutaneous drainage
2. presence of another intra abdo pathology requiring surgery

Question 4

imaging for achilles tendon rupture?

Answer 4

ultrasound (initial)

Question 5

which disease are oslers notes associated with?

Answer 5

oSLErs nodes
-> SLE

Question 6

tingling and numbness of 4th and 5th finger which starts intermittent and becomes constant.
worse on leaning on affected elbow
often hx of osteoarthritis or trauma

Answer 6

cubital tunnel syndrome

Question 7

mgt of cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 7

avoid aggravating activity
physiotherapy
steroid injections
surgery

Question 8

features of de quervains tenosynovitis?

Answer 8

pain on radial side of wrist
tenderness over radial styloid process
abduction of thumb against resistance is painful

Question 9

features of discitis?

Answer 9

back pain
pyrexia, rigors, sepsis
changing lower limb neurology if an epidural abscess develops

Question 10

causes of discitis?

Answer 10

STAPH AUREUS
viral
TB
aseptic

Question 11

dx of discitis?

Answer 11

imaging: MRI has highest sensitivity
CT-guided biopsy may be required to guide antimicrobial tx

Question 12

tx of discitis?

Answer 12

6-8wks IV abx
pt should be assessed for infective endocarditis

Question 13

complications of discitis?

Answer 13

sepsis
epidural abscess

Question 14

features of ruptured ACL?

Answer 14

loud crack, pain and rapid joint swelling (haemoarthrosis)

Question 15

mechanism of ACL rupture?

Answer 15

high twisting force applied to bent knee

Question 16

PCL rupture mechanism?

Answer 16

hyperextension

Question 17

MCL rupture mechanism?

Answer 17

leg forced into valgus via force outside leg

Question 18

test for PCL rupture?

Answer 18

paradoxical anterior draw test

Question 19

test for MCL rupture?

Answer 19

knee unstable when put into valgus position

Question 20

mechanism of meniscal tear?

Answer 20

rotational sporting injuries

Question 21

features of meniscal tear?

Answer 21

delayed knee swelling
joint locking
recurrent episodes of pain and effusions following minor trauma

Question 22

features of anterior dislocation of the shoulder?

Answer 22

may follow fall on arm or shoulder
check pulses and nerves - AXILLARY commonly injured

Question 23

features of posterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 23

caused by seizure or electrocution
lightbulb sign on XR
mgt : refer to orthopaedics

Question 24

imaging for suspected cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 24

MRI spine

Question 25

what type of trauma is associated with PCL injury?

Answer 25

car crash

Question 26

posterior draw test positive in what injury?

Answer 26

PCL

Question 27

management if suspected or confirmed scaphoid fracture?

Answer 27

immobilisation with a futuro splint or below-elbow backslab refer to orthopaedics

Question 28

which structure is divided in surgical mgt of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 28

flexor retinaculum

Question 29

DIP involvement more associated with?

Answer 29

osteoarthritis (distal to start of life)

Question 30

PIP involvement more associated with?

Answer 30

rheumatoid arthritis (proximal to start of life)

Question 31

management of compartment syndrome?

Answer 31

fasciotomy

Question 32

most common bacteria causing osteomyelitis?

Answer 32

staph aureus

Question 33

what happens to leg in hip fracture?

Answer 33

shortened and externally rotated