Orthopaedics Flashcards
features of iliopsoas abscess?
collection of pus in iliopsoas compartment
fever, flank pain, limp, wt loss
-»>pain on extension of hip, resisted flexion of hip
investigation for iliopsoas abscess?
CT abdomen
mgt of iliopsoas abscess?
abx
percutaneous drainage
surgery if:
1. failure of percutaneous drainage
2. presence of another intra abdo pathology requiring surgery
imaging for achilles tendon rupture?
ultrasound (initial)
which disease are oslers notes associated with?
oSLErs nodes
-> SLE
tingling and numbness of 4th and 5th finger which starts intermittent and becomes constant.
worse on leaning on affected elbow
often hx of osteoarthritis or trauma
cubital tunnel syndrome
mgt of cubital tunnel syndrome?
avoid aggravating activity
physiotherapy
steroid injections
surgery
features of de quervains tenosynovitis?
pain on radial side of wrist
tenderness over radial styloid process
abduction of thumb against resistance is painful
features of discitis?
back pain
pyrexia, rigors, sepsis
changing lower limb neurology if an epidural abscess develops
causes of discitis?
STAPH AUREUS
viral
TB
aseptic
dx of discitis?
imaging: MRI has highest sensitivity
CT-guided biopsy may be required to guide antimicrobial tx
tx of discitis?
6-8wks IV abx
pt should be assessed for infective endocarditis
complications of discitis?
sepsis
epidural abscess
features of ruptured ACL?
loud crack, pain and rapid joint swelling (haemoarthrosis)
mechanism of ACL rupture?
high twisting force applied to bent knee
PCL rupture mechanism?
hyperextension
MCL rupture mechanism?
leg forced into valgus via force outside leg
test for PCL rupture?
paradoxical anterior draw test
test for MCL rupture?
knee unstable when put into valgus position
mechanism of meniscal tear?
rotational sporting injuries
features of meniscal tear?
delayed knee swelling
joint locking
recurrent episodes of pain and effusions following minor trauma
features of anterior dislocation of the shoulder?
may follow fall on arm or shoulder
check pulses and nerves - AXILLARY commonly injured
features of posterior shoulder dislocation?
caused by seizure or electrocution
lightbulb sign on XR
mgt : refer to orthopaedics
imaging for suspected cauda equina syndrome?
MRI spine
what type of trauma is associated with PCL injury?
car crash
posterior draw test positive in what injury?
PCL
management if suspected or confirmed scaphoid fracture?
immobilisation with a futuro splint or below-elbow backslab
refer to orthopaedics
which structure is divided in surgical mgt of carpal tunnel syndrome?
flexor retinaculum
DIP involvement more associated with?
osteoarthritis (distal to start of life)
PIP involvement more associated with?
rheumatoid arthritis (proximal to start of life)
management of compartment syndrome?
fasciotomy
most common bacteria causing osteomyelitis?
staph aureus
what happens to leg in hip fracture?
shortened and externally rotated
