Infectious Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
what are the features of trichomonas vaginalis?
A
offensive, yellow/green, frothy discharge
vulvovaginitis
strawberry cervix
pH > 4.6
motile trophozoites
1
Q
what is the management for trichomonas?
A
oral metronidazole
5-7d
2
Q
what is the management for primary syphilis?
A
IM benzathine benzylpenicillin
3
Q
what is the management for legionella?
A
macrolides eg clarithromycin
4
Q
what condition does pneumonia with peripheral blood smear showing red cell agglutination suggest?
A
mycoplasma pneumoniae
5
Q
which organisms cause bloody diarrhoea?
A
SAC
shigella
amoebiasis
campylobacter
6
Q
which organism causes diarrhoea from BBQs?
A
campylobacter
(you usually BBQ your food when CAMPing)
7
Q
way to remember management for gonorrhoea
A
GMC
gonorrhoea
muscular
ceftriaxone
8
Q
what is the management for toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients?
A
pyrimethamine plus sulphadiazine
9
Q
what antibiotic should be given in cellulitis in penicillin allergy?
A
clarithryomycin, erythromycin (preg), or doxycycline
10
Q
common gram positive diplococci?
A
enterococcus
11
Q
common gram positive clustered cocci?
A
staphylococcus
12
Q
common gram positive cocci chains?
A
streptococcus
13
Q
2 types of highly resistant bacteria?
A
MRSA
ESBLs - extended spectrum beta-lactamases
14
Q
stain used to highlight gram positive bacteria?
A
crystal violet
15
Q
site of action of penicillins?
A
cell wall synthesis
16
Q
site of action of macrolides?
A
protein synthesis
17
Q
site of action of trimethoprim?
A
folic acid metabolism
18
Q
site of action of metronidazole?
A
nucleic acid synthesis
19
Q
most common cause of UTI?
A
e. coli
20
Q
most common cause of cellulitis?
A
staph aureus
21
Q
most common cause of tonsillitis?
A
strep pyogenes
22
Q
most common cause of otitis media?
A
strep pneumoniae
23
Q
first line tx for cellulitis?
A
flucloxacillin
24
first line for chest infections?
amoxicillin
25
first line for UTI?
nitrofurantoin/trimethoprim
26
first line for tonsillitis?
phenoxymethylpenicillin
27
classification system for cellulitis?
eron classification
28
blood test for tissue perfusion?
lactate
29
reason to test clotting in sepsis?
causes disseminated intravascular coagulopathy
30
initial management in sepsis?
1. blood cultures
2. lactate
3. urine output
4. fluids
5. oxygen
6. antibiotics
31
most common cause of septic arthritis?
staph aureus
32
most common cause of septic arthritis in young sexually active pt?
n. gonorrhoeae
33
differentials for septic arthritis?
1. gout
2. reactive arthritis
3. pseudogout
4. haemarthrosis
34
diagnostic test in septic arthritis?
joint aspiration
35
treatment for septic arthritis?
IV antibiotics
36
treatment options for influenza?
oseltamivir
zanamivir
37
dx: 19 year old student with fever, vomiting and diarrhoea
gastroenteritis
38
viral causes of gastroenteritis?
norovirus
rotavirus
39
cause of diarrhoea most associated with foreign travel?
campylobacter
40
cause of diarrhoea most associated with eggs/poultry?
salmonella
41
cause of diarrhoea most associated with old fried rice?
bacillus cereus
42
cause of diarrhoea most associated with small intestines of mammals?
giardia
43
cause of diarrhoea most associated with undercooked pork?
yersinia
44
features of HUS?
anaemia
AKI
low platelets
45
causes of HUS?
shiga toxin - e coli and shigella
46
post gastroenteritis complications?
1. lactose intolerance
2. IBS
3. reactive arthritis
4. GBS
47
dx: 25 year old with fever headache photophobia neck stiffness and altered consciousness
meningitis/CNS infection
48
most common bacterial causes of meningitis?
neisseria meningitidis
strep pneumoniae
49
special clinical tests for meningitis?
kernig's
brudzinski's
50
investigation for meningitis?
lumbar puncture
51
what would raised protein in CSF suggest?
bacterial cause
52
what would raised lymphocytes in CSF suggest?
viral cause
53
what would low WCC in CSF suggest?
normal
54
what would low glucose in CSF indicate?
bacterial
55
which cause of meningitis requires post exposure prophylaxis?
meningococcus
56
what post exposure prophylaxis is given for meningococcal meningitis?
ciprofloxacin
57
key complication of meningitis?
hearing loss
58
what is the diagnosis when acid fast bacilli are seen on microscopy?
tuberculosis
59
what bacteria causes TB?
mycobacterium tuberculosum
60
what is the special stain used for TB?
ziehl-nielson stain
61
what is the name for disseminated TB infection?
miliary TB
62
TB vaccine?
BCG
63
what type of vaccine is the BCG vaccine?
live attenuated
64
what is the test for a previous immune response to TB?
mantoux test
65
what are the drugs for TB?
rifampicin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
66
key side effect of rifampicin?
red/orange urine/tears
67
key side effect of isoniazid?
peripheral neuropathy
68
key side effect of pyrazinamide?
hyperuricaemia
69
key side effect of ethambutol?
colour blindness/optic neuritis
70
which cell type is targeted in HIV?
cd4 t-helper cells
71
screening test for HIV?
CD4 count
viral load
72
what is the treatment for HIV?
highly active anti-retroviral therapy
73
aim of treatment in HIV?
normal cd4 count
undetectable viral load
74
when and why is co-trimoxazole used in HIV?
when CD4 count is <200mm3
for prophylaxis against PCP (pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)
75
purple skin lesions in HIV?
kaposi's sarcoma
76
dx: 22yo student presents with high fevers every 2 days, myalgia and headaches. She visited family in nigeria 3 weeks ago
malaria
77
what is the disease vector of malaria?
female anopheles mosquito
78
what is the most severe form of malaria?
falciparum malaria
79
clinical signs of malaria?
pallor (anaemia)
hepatosplenomegaly
jaundice
80
investigation for malaria?
malaria blood film
81
how can malaria be excluded?
3 negative blood films over 3 days
82
treatment when malaria is severe?
artesunate
83
prevention options for malaria?
proguanil and atovaquone (malarone)
mefloquine
doxycycline
84
what is the most common organism found in central line infections?
staph epidermidis
85
which organism is most likely in a patient with HIV with gastroenteritis sx?
cryptosporidium parvum
86
how does yellow fever present?
flu like illness then brief remission then jaundice and haematemesis
87
what are the early features of lymes disease?
erythema migrans - bulls eye rash
systemic - fever, headache, lethargy, arthralgia
88
what are the late features of lymes disease?
heart block
peri/myocarditis
facial nerve palsy
radicular pain
meningitis
89
what is the management of lymes disease?
doxycycline (or amoxicillin) if early
ceftriaxone if disseminated dx
90
management of asymptomatic tick bite?
no treatment, reassure
91
what is the antibiotic mgt for syphilis?
benzylpenicillin
92
antibiotic for animal bite?
co-amox
93
typical history of mycoplasma pneumonia?
worsening flu like symptoms and dry cough
erythema multiforme on examination
94
first line tx for early lyme disease?
14-21 day course of oral doxycycline
95
pneumonia in an alcoholic likely organism?
klebsiella
96
management of syphilis in pregnancy?
IM benzathine penicillin G
97
BV in pregnancy mgt?
still oral metronidazole
400mg BD for 5-7days
98
trichomonas presentation?
yellow green foul smelling discharge
strawberry cervix - erythematous, punctate and papilliform
99
trichomonas management?
oral metronidazole
100
management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women?
immediate abx tx
7 days nitrofurantoin
101
management for bacterial meningitis for adults >50?
IV cefotaxime/ceftriaxone and amoxicillin
102
features of legionella pneumonia?
flu like sx
dry cough
relative bradycardia
confusion
lymphopenia
hyponatraemia
deranged LFTs
103
features of PCP?
dyspnoea
cough
fever
very few chest signs
-> desat on exercise
can have hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, choroid lesions
104
mgt PCP?
co-trimoxazole
105
mgt gonorrhoea?
IM ceftriaxone
106
mgt chlamydia?
doxycycline 7d
azithromycin if pregnant
107
antibiotics for animal bite?
co-amoxiclav
if pen allergy - doxy and metronidazole
108
management for cellulitis if penicillin allergic?
clarithromycin
109
management of necrotising fasciitis?
IV abx and immediate surgical debridement
110
which hepatitis's are spread via faecal-oral route?
A and E
hepatitis with a vowel spreads via the bowel
111
ongoing diarrhoea, lethargy, bloating, flatulence, steatorrhoea, weight loss +/- recent travel ?
giardiasis
112
treatment for MRSA skin infections?
vancomycin
113
when and who gets HPV vaccine for first time?
boys and girls aged 12-13 years
114
parvovirus IgG positive meaning?
immunity to parvovirus
115
parvovirus IgM positive meaning?
recent parvovirus in past 4 weeks
116
what type of organism is n.meningitidis?
gram negative diplococcus
117
what type of organism is strep pneumoniae?
gram positive diplococci/chain
118
what type of organism is e. coli?
gram negative bacilli
119
what type of organism is h. influenzae?
gram negative coccobacilli
120
what type of organism is l. monocytogenes?
gram positive rod
121
most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?
e.coli
122
at what cd4 count should patients receive co-trimoxazole for PCP prophylaxis?
below 200/mm3
123
how long is PEP for HIV?
4 weeks
124
what is seen on blood film in infectious mononucleosis?
atypical lymphocytes
125
which HSV is more associated with lip ulcers?
hsv1
126
which hsv typically occurs on genitals and not lips?
hsv2
127
cough and sob with flu like sx and erythematous rash with 'target' lesions??
mycoplasma pneumoniae
128
abx mgt for erysipelas?
flucloxacillin
