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Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F)

Body parts closer to the cranium grow slower and later than body parts further from the cranium.

A

False

Correct answer: body parts closer to cranium grow faster and earlier than body parts further away

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2
Q

Which of the following grows first?

A. Maxilla
B. Mandible

A

A. Maxilla

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3
Q

According to human growth curves, the velocity curve ____.

A. Tracks actual height each year
B. Tracks the change in height each yeat
C. Is the primary diagnostic tool of dentist
D. Answer choice C is for sure wrong

A

B. Tracks the change in height each yeat

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4
Q

The average peak growth for girls is _______.

A. 10yrs old
B. 12yrs old
C. 14yrs old
D. 16yrs old

A

B. 12yrs old

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5
Q

The average peak growth for boys is _______.

A. 10yrs old
B. 12yrs old
C. 14yrs old
D. 16yrs old

A

C. 14yrs old

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6
Q

Which of the following is the best diagnostic tool (indicator) for growth timing?

A. Chronilogic age
B. Dental age
C. Skeletal age
D. Biologic age

A

D. Biologic age

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7
Q

Which of the following is the site of growth that has the ability to control its own growth?

A. Growth Site
B. Growth Center

A

B. Growth Center

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8
Q

What are the two major nodes of bone growth?

A

Endochondral and Intramembranous

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9
Q

All of the following are true regarding Endochondral growth EXCEPT:

A. Is growth from the inside
B. Increases in diamter
C. Under more genetic control
D. All of the above are true

A

B. Increases in diamter

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10
Q

All of the following are true regarding Intramembranous growth EXCEPT:

A. Growth from the inside
B. Increase in diameter
C. Influenced more by environmental forces
D. All of the above

A

A. Growth from the inside

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11
Q

What are the 3 growth theories?

  • Harry Sicher
  • James Scott
  • Melvin Moss
A
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12
Q

Which of the following is associated with Midface deficiency?

A. Treacher Collins syndrome

B. Hemifacial microsomia

C. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

D. Cleft palate

A

C. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

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13
Q

Which of the following is associated with Underdeveloped mandible?

A. Treacher Collins syndrome

B. Hemifacial microsomia

C. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

D. Cleft palate

A

A. Treacher Collins syndrome

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14
Q

Which of the following is associated with Ear and mandibular ramus are deficient on affected side?

A. Treacher Collins syndrome

B. Hemifacial microsomia

C. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

D. Cleft palate

A

B. Hemifacial microsomia

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15
Q

The Condyles of the mandible exhibit which of the following?

A. Endochondrial ossification

B. Intramembranous ossification

A

A. Endochondrial ossification

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16
Q

The maxilla exhibits which of the following?

A. Endochondrial ossification

B. Intramembranous ossification

A

B. Intramembranous ossification

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Review Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in regards to each of the following:

  • Caused by exposure to high levels of ______ during early development.
  • Tetratogen = ?
  • CNS problems
  • _________ deficiency.
  • Cleft. ______.
A
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19
Q

Discuss Treacher Collins Syndrome in regards to each of the following:

  • What’s another name for this?
  • What are the 4 main symptoms associated with Treacher Collins Syndrome?
A
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20
Q

Discuss Hemifacial Microsomia in regards to each of the following:

  • Loss of _____ cells during migration.
  • _____ and ______ are deficient on the affected side.
A
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21
Q

All of the following are true regarding Down Syndrome EXCEPT:

A. Nondisjunction that leads to extra chromosome 21

B. Midface deficiency

C. Upslanted palpebral fissures

D. Increased caries risk

E. Increased periodontal disease risk

A

D. Increased caries risk

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Discuss Pierre Robin Sequence in regards to each of the following:

  • What are the 4 main signs/symptoms?
A
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24
Q

Discuss Crouzon Syndrome in regards to each of the following:

  • What are the 5 signs/symptoms?
A
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25
Q

Discuss Apert Syndrome in regards to each of the following:

  • What is another name for this?
  • What are the 5 signs/symptoms?
A
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26
Q

What is Hurler and Hunter Syndrome (how can you remember this)?

A
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27
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ Syndactyly?

A. Hurler and Hunter Syndrome

B. Apert Syndrome

C. Crouzon Syndrome

D. Pierre Robin Sequence

E. Down syndrome

A

B. Apert Syndrome

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28
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ a build up of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) due to an enzyme deficiency?

A. Hurler and Hunter Syndrome

B. Apert Syndrome

C. Crouzon Syndrome

D. Pierre Robin Sequence

E. Down syndrome

A

A. Hurler and Hunter Syndrome

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29
Q

Hypertelorism (widely separated eyes) is associated w/ which of the following?

A. Hurler and Hunter Syndrome

B. Apert Syndrome

C. Crouzon Syndrome

D. Pierre Robin Sequence

E. Down syndrome

A

C. Crouzon Syndrome

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30
Q

Permanent tooth buds are ______ and apical to primary teeth.

A

Lingual

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31
Q

Early mesial shift of 1st molars to close _______ at around age 6:

A. Primate space

B. Leeway space

***BOARDS***

A

A. Primate space

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32
Q

Late mesial shift of 2nd molars to close _______ at around age 12:

A. Primate space

B. Leeway space

***BOARDS***

A

B. Leeway space

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33
Q

A distal step in primary 1st molars will most likely lead to which of the following?

A. Class II

B. End-End

C. Class I

D. Class III

A

A. Class II

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34
Q

A Mesial step in primary 1st molars will most likely lead to which of the following?

A. Class II

B. End-End

C. Class I

D. Class III

A

C. Class I

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35
Q

A Flush terminal plane in primary 1st molars will most likely lead to which of the following?

A. Class II

B. End-End

C. Class I

D. Class III

A

B. End-End

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36
Q

Which of the following uses a reference table?

A. Tanaka-Johnson

B. Moyer’s

***BOARDS***

A

B. Moyer’s

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37
Q

Review each of the following:

  • Tanaka-Johnston
  • Moyer’s

***BOARDS***

A
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38
Q

Which of the following plugs in the sum width of mandibular incisors into an equation?

A. Tanaka-Johnson

B. Moyer’s

***BOARDS***

A

A. Tanaka-Johnson

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39
Q

Tanaka-Johnston and Moyer’s use the sum of the width of what teeth to determine spaces?

A. Maxillary incisors

B. Maxillary molars

C. Mandibular incisors

D. Mandibular molars

***BOARDS***

A

C. Mandibular incisors

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40
Q

Late lower incisor crowding is due to _________ and lower lip pressure:

A
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41
Q

Which of the following decreases during transition from mixed to permanent dentition?

A. Intercanine width

B. Intermolar width

C. Arch length

D. Arch perimeter

***BOARDS***

A

C. Arch length

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42
Q

Which of the following increases as permanent teeth erupt than stabilizes after eruption of canines?

A. Intercanine width

B. Intermolar width

C. Arch length

D. Arch perimeter

***BOARDS***

A

A. Intercanine width

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43
Q

Which of the following increases in upper and decreases in lower during transition from mixed to permanent dentition?

A. Intercanine width

B. Intermolar width

C. Arch length

D. Arch perimeter

***BOARDS***

A

D. Arch perimeter

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44
Q

Which of the following increases as molars erupt then stabilize?

A. Intercanine width

B. Intermolar width

C. Arch length

D. Arch perimeter

***BOARDS***

A

B. Intermolar width

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45
Q

Intercanine width _______ as permanent teeth erupt than stabilizes after eruption of canines?

A. Increases

B. Decreases

***BOARDS***

A

A. Increases

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46
Q

Intermolar width _______ as molars erupt then stabilize.

A. Increases

B. Decreases

***BOARDS***

A

A. Increases

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47
Q

Arch length ______ during transition from mixed to permanent dentition.

A. Increases

B. Decreases

***BOARDS***

A

B. Decreases

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48
Q

Arch perimeter ______ in upper and _______ in lower during transition from mixed to permanent dentition.

A. Increases, decreases

B. Decreases, increases

C. Increases, increases

D. Decreases, decreases

***BOARDS***

A

A. Increases, decreases

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49
Q

Which of the following refers to beautiful teeth?

A. Microesthetics

B. Miniestthetics

C. Macroesthetics

A

A. Microesthetics

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50
Q

Which of the following refers to beautiful smile?

A. Microesthetics

B. Miniesthetics

C. Macroesthetics

A

B. Miniesthetics

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51
Q

Which of the following refers to beautiful face?

A. Microesthetics

B. Miniestthetics

C. Macroesthetics

A

C. Macroesthetics

57
Q

Which of the following skeletal classifications is associated w/ a convex facial profile?

A. Class I

B. Class II

C. Class III

A

C. Class III

ConVex = Vanessa

58
Q

Anterior Divergent is associated with which of the following?

A. Class I

B. Class II

C. Class III

A

C. Class III

63
Q

An ANB of 4 degrees is associated w/ which of the following?

A. Class I (normal)

B. Class II

C. Class III

***BOARDS***

A

B. Class II

Anything over 2 IS class II

64
Q

An ANB of 0 degrees is associated w/ which of the following?

A. Class I (normal)

B. Class II

C. Class III

***BOARDS***

A

C. Class III

Anything over 2 is Class II

65
Q

An ANB of 2 degrees is associated w/ which of the following?

A. Class I (normal)

B. Class II

C. Class III

***BOARDS***

A

A. Class I (normal)

67
Q

In orthodontics and the biology of tooth movement, the compression side of a tooth is associated with which of the following?

A. Osteoclasts

B. Osteoblasts

A

A. Osteoclasts

Compression = OsteoClasts

69
Q

Which of the following is associated w/ light force in regards to orthodontics?

A. Frontal or direct resorption

B. Undermining or indirect resorption

A

A. Frontal or direct resorption

71
Q
A

Intrusion = 10g

Uncontrolled tipping, rotation, extrusion = 50g

Controlled tipping, root torque = 75g

Bodily movement = 100g

76
Q

Moment (MF) is the tendency of a force to cause a body to ________.

(Orthodontics)

A

Rotate

MOMENT = ROTATION

84
Q

What is the order of increasing strength and stiffness in regards to each of the following:

  • TMA, SS, NiTi

***BOARDS***

85
Q

Increasing _______ increases strength and stiffness but decreases range.

A. Diameter

B. Length

***BOARDS***

A

A. Diameter

86
Q

Increasing _______ increases range but decreases strength and stiffness.

A. Diameter

B. Length

***BOARDS***

87
Q

_____ wires is stronger and stiffer than _____ wires.

A. Round, square

B. Square, round

***BOARDS***

A

B. Square, round

88
Q

______ is stronger and stiffer than _______.

A. Beam, cantilever

B. Cantilever, beam

***BOARDS***

A

A. Beam, cantilever

92
Q

Posterior crossbite should only be treated if there is a _________.

A

Functional shift

93
Q

What is the tx for a posterior crossbite?

A

Palatal expansion (quad helix, Haas, Hyrax)

94
Q

What is the tx for an skeletal class III (underbite)?

A

Reverse pull head gear

96
Q

What is Kurol’s Rule?

97
Q

Severe crowding is defined as _____mm of crowding. What is tx for severe crowding?

A

> 8mm; tx = serial extraction

98
Q

Moderate crowding is defined as greater than or equal to _______ of crowding. Tx for moderate crowding includes _____ and _______.

99
Q

A patient comes in an has 8mm of crowding, what is the correct tx for this patient?

A. Lip bumper

B. LLHA

C. Serial extraction

A

C. Serial extraction

100
Q

A patient comes in an has 7mm of crowding, what is the correct tx for this patient?

A. Lip bumper

B. LLHA

C. Serial extraction

A

A. Lip bumper

B. LLHA

102
Q

Which of the following is used to correct a skeletal class III?

(Select all that apply)

A. High-pull headgear

B. Cervical-pull headgear

C. J-hook headgear

D. Reverse-pull headgear

E. Chin cup

A

D. Reverse-pull headgear

E. Chin cup

103
Q

Which of the following is used to correct a skeletal class II?

(Select all that apply)

A. High-pull headgear

B. Cervical-pull headgear

C. J-hook headgear

D. Reverse-pull headgear

E. Chin cup

A

A. High-pull headgear

B. Cervical-pull headgear

104
Q

Which of the following is for retraction of canines (and incisors)?

(Select all that apply)

A. High-pull headgear

B. Cervical-pull headgear

C. J-hook headgear

D. Reverse-pull headgear

E. Chin cup

A

C. J-hook headgear

105
Q

Review each of the functional appliances in regards to ortho:

  • Bionator
  • Activator
  • Twin block
  • MARA
  • Herbst
106
Q

Review each of the following clas II corrector appliances:

  • Forsus
  • Pendulum
107
Q

Review each of the following Palatal Expanders in regards to ortho:

  • Schwarz appliance
  • W-arch
  • Quad helix
  • Hyrax appliance
  • Haas appliance
  • Transpalatal arch
108
Q

Review each of the following Mixed Dentition Appliances in regards to ortho:

  • Nance
  • LLHA
  • Lip bumper
109
Q

Review Aligners and Braces in regards to Ortho:

110
Q

Review the indications/contraindications for Extraction in regards to Ortho:

113
Q

Review Hawley Retainers (upper and lower) in regards to ortho:

114
Q

Discuss Lingual Bonded Retainers in regards to ortho:

115
Q

Review each of the following in regards to ortho:

  • Class II Relapse
  • Class III Relapse
116
Q

Which of the following is the tx for a Deep Bite Relapse?

(select all that apply)

A. Upper modified Hawley w/ anterior bite plate

B. Upper modified Hawley w/ posterior bite blocks

C. Vacuum-formed retainers

A

A. Upper modified Hawley w/ anterior bite plate

117
Q

Which of the following is the tx for an Open Bite Relapse?

(select all that apply)

A. Upper modified Hawley w/ anterior bite plate

B. Upper modified Hawley w/ posterior bite blocks

C. Vacuum-formed retainers

A

B. Upper modified Hawley w/ posterior bite blocks

C. Vacuum-formed retainers

119
Q

_______ to move chin in all three directions.

***BOARDS***

122
Q

What is the most common Post-op complication in regards to BSSO surgery:

***BOARDS***

123
Q

Discuss General Anesthesia in regards to each of the following:

  • Alectasis can lead to _______.
  • Pneumatosis intestinalis can also lead to _______.

***BOARDS***

A

FEVER

“if a question asks what is the cause of a fever, pick Alectasis or Pneumatosis if you see either as an answer choice”

124
Q

If a question asks which of the following is the cause of a fever, what 2 answer choices is correct?

***BOARDS***

A

Alectasis or Pneumatosis

125
Q

What is Alectasis and what systemic issue can it cause?

***BOARDS***

126
Q

What is Pneumatosis intestinalis and what systemic issue can it cause?

***BOARDS***

INBDE (18 decks)

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