Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin med sem 2 > Ortho- upper extremity > Flashcards

Ortho- upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury pathophysiology

A

Partial thickness vs Full thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury - cause

A

Lateral fall onto shoulder
Lifting/pulling a heavy object
Wears out - elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury - S/S & PE

A

Cant abduct the arm
Watch them take off their shirt
Usually - no major neuro issues
Partial - pain w/ abduction, weak RC testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury- treatment

A

> 50% will need surgery

  • arthroscopically
  • open repair
Non surgery:
PT 
- shoulder stabilization
- stretching 
- postural strengthening - retraining
NSAIDs- make sure no CV issues
Injections - medium acting steroid
- 3 inj in 1 year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Impingement syndrome- pathophysiology

A

Tendons of rotator cuff and subacromial bursa are pinched by acromion
-> tendons and bursa become inflamed and swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Impingement syndrome - cause

A 
Repetitive overhead movement
Anterior translation of humeral head with poor posture
Acromial hook 
- Type I-III - live with it 
- Type IV - VI - will need to be burred  down ->acromioplasty
Degerative change
Trauma
Micro trauma to supraspinatus/bursa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Impingement syndrome - S/S & PE

A 
Pain worse when abducted
Localized inflammation
Pain
Limited ROM -> frozen shoulder
Affect on ADLs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Impingement syndrome- diagnosis

A

Hx of painful arc
PE - pain w/ impingement testing
Injection
Imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Impingement syndrome- labs & imaging

A

Injection - lidocaine/steroid
Imaging:
- xray - trauma, OA, acromial hook
- MRI - fraying, degenerative change of rotator cuff, inflammation of bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Impingement syndrome- treatment

A

Injection - Lidocaine/cortisone
PT - strengthen/stretching
NSAIDs
Surgery - severe acromial hook or supraspinatus fraying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AC Separation- cause

A

Lateral fall
FOOSH
Contact sport injury
MVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AC Separation- treatment

A

Grade I-III

  • Sling
  • NSAIDs
  • RICE

Grade IV-VI
- surgical repair - instable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adhesive Casulitis (frozen shoulder)- pathophysiology

A

Inc collagen
Fibrotic growth factors - transforming growth factor - beta
Inflammatory cytokines - tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins
B cells, T cells, Macrophages
Active fibroblastic proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adhesive Casulitis (frozen shoulder)- cause

A

Period of immobilization - surgery or mastectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adhesive Casulitis (frozen shoulder)- epidemiology

A

40-60y

F>M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adhesive Casulitis (frozen shoulder)- S/S & PE

A

Spontaneous or gradual onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adhesive Casulitis (frozen shoulder)- treatment

A

PT

Manipulation under anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bicep Tendonitis- cause

A

Hx of receptivity use, trauma, poor egronomics
Anterior translation of humerous - postural weakness
Old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bicep Tendonitis- S/S & PE

A

Pain over proximal long head of bicep tendon

Pain with - flexion, pronation, supination, speeds test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bicep Tendonitis- treatment

A

PT

  • postural strengthening
  • stretching
  • iontophoresis

Inject - cortisone/lidocaine

Surgery - bicep tenodesis
- cuts biceps tendon, attaches to humerus bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Bicep Tendon Subluxation- pathophysiology

A

Tearing or stretching of transverse humeral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bicep Tendon Subluxation- epidemiology

A

Athelets - pitchers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bicep Tendon Subluxation- S/S & PE

A

Yerasons test - bicep tendon pop out of bicipital groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bicep Tendon Subluxation- treatment

A

Surgery - if fully torn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Instability -> Dislocation- pathophysiology
Anterior instability - most common | Anterior Dislocation - more common
26
Instability -> Dislocation - cause
Trauma | Genetics
27
Instability -> Dislocation - S/S & PE
Positive apprehension test Positive sulcus sign Hill Sachs lesion - depression in posterolateral head of humerus - results from forceful impact of humeral head against anteriorinferior glenoid rim -> when disloacted anteriorly Bankart Lesion - anteroinferior glenoid labrum - due to anterior dislocation
28
Instability -> Dislocation- treatment
Reduction - MUST - prereduction/post reduction films - CHECK - axillary nerve injury - sling pt after PT Surgery
29
Instability -> Dislocation - prognosis
Complications - labral tear - Hill sachs - Bankart - axillary nerve injury
30
Axillary nerve lesion- pathophysiology
Deltoid and teres minor m paralyzed
31
Axillary nerve lesion - cause
Downward dislocation of humeral head in shoulder Fracture of surgical neck of humerus
32
Axillary nerve lesion- S/S & PE
Cant abduct shoulder Paralyzed deltoid wastes rapidly Loss of sensation over lower half of deltoid
33
Superior Labral Anterior Posterior (SLAP) tear- pathophysiology
Where bicep tendon anchors to labrum
34
Superior Labral Anterior Posterior (SLAP) tear- cause
MVA FOOS Arm Forceful pulling on arm - catch heavy object Rapid or forceful movement of arm - when above level of shoulder Shoulder dislocation
35
Superior Labral Anterior Posterior (SLAP) tear- S/S & PE
Painful catching or clicking
36
Superior Labral Anterior Posterior (SLAP) tear- labs & imaging
MRI arthrogram - Gold Standard
37
Superior Labral Anterior Posterior (SLAP) tear- treatment
Surgery | Recovery in shoulder immobilizer - longer then RC tear recovery
38
Pectoralis Major Rupture- S/S & PE
Acute pain with lifting, bench press, etc | Bruising, declivity in m
39
Pectoralis Major Rupture- treatment
Surgery
40
Bicep Tendon Rupture- pathophysiology
lever to lift forearm
41
Bicep Tendon Rupture - epidemiology
M
42
Bicep Tendon Rupture - S/S & PE
Popeye sign
43
Bicep Tendon Rupture- diagnosis
MRI
44
Bicep Tendon Rupture- treatment
Surgery
45
Fracture of Humerus- cause
Fall
46
Fracture of Humerus- epidemiology
Osteoportic W
47
Fracture of Humerus- treatment
Sling - non displaced and no concerns for bone healing ORIF - open reduction internal fixation
48
Lateral Epicondylitis - tennis elbow- pathophysiology
Extensor tendons of forearm of lateral epicondyle
49
Lateral Epicondylitis - tennis elbow - cause
Supination injuries
50
Lateral Epicondylitis - tennis elbow - treatment
Hard to treat - hard to not use these ``` OT, iontophoresis Tennis elbow strap, compression sleeve, Stretching, strengthening, Rest, ice Inject - cortisone Surgery Warn - will take awhile to heal ```
51
Medial Epicondylitis- pathophysiology
Irritation of flexor tendons of forearm - medial epicondyle
52
Medial Epicondylitis - cause
Pronation injury
53
Medial Epicondylitis - treatment
Hard to treat - hard to not use these ``` OT, iontophoresis Tennis elbow strap, compression sleeve, Stretching, strenthing, Rest, ice Injct - cortisone Surgery Warn - will take awhile to heal ```
54
Ulnar Nerve Issues- pathophysiology
Cubital tunnel syndrome - ulnar nerve entrapped Ulnar nerve sublux - pops in and out of cubital tunnel
55
Ulnar Nerve Issues- epidemiology
baseball pitchers
56
Ulnar Nerve Issues- S/S & PE
Chronic Pain, paresthesia Electric shock weakness
57
Ulnar Nerve Issues- treatment
``` OT NSAIDs Rest Inject Surgery - cubital tunnel release or ulnar nerve repositioning ```
58
Olecranon Bursitis- cause
Trauma
59
Olecranon Bursitis - treatment
``` Conservatively at first Drain Cortisone Wrap Ice, rest, elevations, NSAIDs ```
60
Elbow Fractures- pathophysiology
Radial head - most common
61
Elbow Fractures- S/S & PE
Fat Pad/sail sign - cortical disruption of distal humerus fracture, bleeding - due to joint effusion via fracture
62
Elbow Fractures- treatment
Splint/Sling ORIF Be aware - soft tissue damage
63
Distal Radius fractures- cause
FOOSH
64
Distal Radius fractures- epidemiology
young and old
65
Distal Radius fractures- S/S & PE
Watch for - nerve trauma, ligament injury in carpal area
66
Distal Radius fractures- treatment
Cast | Surgery
67
Radial Nerve Palsy- pathophysiology
Saturday night palsy
68
Radial Nerve Palsy- S/S & PE
Cannot extend hand
69
Ganglion Cyst- pathophysiology
Fluid filled cyst - benign Over joint or area of high mobility - flexor or extensory surface
70
Ganglion Cyst- epidemiology
F | 30-40
71
Ganglion Cyst- S/S & PE
Allen test
72
Ganglion Cyst- treatment
Resolve on own | Excision - if compressing a nerve or vessel
73
Scaphoid Fracture- S/S & PE
Tenderness - over snuffbox
74
Scaphoid Fracture- labs & imaging
Xray - get scaphoid view
75
Scaphoid Fracture- treatment
Xray neg? - still splint, have pt repeat xray in 1 week
76
Scaphoid Fracture- prognosis
Complications - avascular necrosis - backwards vasculature
77
Wrist ligamentous Injury- cause
FOOSH
78
Wrist ligamentous Injury - S/S & PE
Chronic pain | Instability
79
Wrist ligamentous Injury- diagnosis
Xray - neg, but has pain over carpals | MRI ARTHROGRAM!!
80
Scapholunate injury- pathophysiology
Most common carpal injury
81
Scapholunate injury - cause
2nd to tear of scapholunate interosseous ligament | Arthrisi
82
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - pathophysiology
Median Nerve impingement
83
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - cause
Repetitive movements - hands in awkward positions, vibrations
84
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - S/S & PE
Pain in front of wrist Numbness/tingling - thumb, index, middle, 1/2 of ring finger Weakness in hand - drop objects Inc pain and tingling at night or sleeping Atrophy - wont get back - release before this happens
85
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - labs & imaging
Not getting better - electromyelogram nerve conduction study (EMG/NCVS)
86
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - treatment
``` Night splints - prevent chronic flexation of wrists NSAIDS OT Inject Ergonomic eval ``` Surgery - open, endoscopic
87
Thoracic outlet syndrome/ Brachial Neuritis - pathophysiology
Brachial plexus
88
Thoracic outlet syndrome/ Brachial Neuritis- S/S & PE
UE pain/ paresthesia | Hand goes to sleep when doing hari
89
De Quervains Tenosynovitis - pathophysiology
Stenosing tenosynovitis of APL and EPB tendons at styloid process of radius -> inflammation -> thickening and stenosis of synovial sheath
90
De Quervains Tenosynovitis - epidemiology
New Mothers Tree trimmers 30-50yo
91
De Quervains Tenosynovitis - S/S & PE
Finklestein test
92
De Quervains Tenosynovitis - treatment
Splint - thumb spica NSAIDs Heat Ice OT Inj Surgery
93
Mallet finger- pathophysiology
Distal Extensor tendon injury
94
Mallet finger- treatment
Stack splint x 6 w 24h | - if you remove it - have to start over
95
Duputrevyn's Contracture- pathophysiology
Thickening under the skin
96
Duputrevyn's Contracture- cause
4th and 5th fingers - most common
97
Duputrevyn's Contracture- epidemiology
M>F | European descent
98
Duputrevyn's Contracture- treatment
OT, splint, inject, surgery
99
Stenosing Tenosynovitis - trigger finger- pathophysiology
Flexor tendon become too thick - cant slide through tendon sheath -> cause catching
100
Stenosing Tenosynovitis - trigger finger- epidemiology
RA Gout DM Repeated gripping
101
Stenosing Tenosynovitis - trigger finger- treatment
OT, injection, tendon sheath release
102
Boutenniere Deformity- pathophysiology
Tear in extensor tendon -> flexion of PIP and extenion of DIP
103
Boutenniere Deformity - cause
Jammed' injury
104
Boutenniere Deformity - epidemiology
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
105
Boutenniere Deformity - S/S & PE
Cant flex finger
106
Boutenniere Deformity- treatment
Figure 8 splint
107
Swan Neck Deformity - pathophysiology
Hyperextension of PIPJ and flexion of DIPJ
108
Swan Neck Deformity - epidemiology
RA | Trauma
109
Swan Neck Deformity- treatment
Splint | Surgery
110
Palm Laceration - pathophysiology
TOO MUCH IMPORTANT STUFF
111
Palm Laceration - treatment
EMERGENT SURGERY - refer to Hand
112
Tuft Fracture - cause
Smash/Crush injury
113
Tuft Fracture - treatment
Splint Remove Nail TETANUS
114
CMCJ OA- pathophysiology
Erosive changes of joint | Flattening of trapezius
115
CMCJ OA- epidemiology
F | >40y
116
CMCJ OA- treatment
NSAIDs OT Splinting LRTI - ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition - if treatment fails
117
Skiers thumb - pathophysiology
Stretch or tear of ulnar collateral ligament | - forceful abduction
118
Skiers thumb- treatment
Splint | Ligament repair
119
Bennett's Fracture- cause
Thumb flexed when injured
120
Bennett's Fracture- treatment
Surgery Refer OT - regain ROM

Clin med sem 2 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions