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Clin med sem 2 > Hemolytic Anemia > Flashcards

Hemolytic Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Hemolytic anemia- description

A

RBC destruction —> BM inc erythrocytes —> delay of symptoms

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2
Q

Hemolytic anemia- cause

A

Intrinsic of the RBC

Extrinsic of the RBC

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3
Q

Hemolytic anemia- s/s

A

Classic anemia
Jaundice
Splenomegaly

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4
Q

Hemolytic anemia- labs & imaging

A

Anemia
Rretic- inc
Bilirubin- inc
LDH- inc

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5
Q

Hemolytic anemia- treatment

A

Cause directed

Transfusions

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6
Q

G6PD- description

A

Hereditary enzyme causing episodic hemolytic anemia —> dec ability of BC to deal w oxidative stress —> formation of HEINZ BODIES —> marked for destruction in spleen

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7
Q

G6PD- cause

A

AA M

Drugs- Dapsone, quinine, primaquine, quinidine, sulfa, nitrofuantion, FAVA BEANS

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8
Q

G6PD- s/s

A

Fatigue

Splenomegaly

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9
Q

G6PD- labs & imaging

A

Anemia
Bilirubin- inc
Retic- inc
Smear- HEINZ bodies

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10
Q

G6PD- treatment

A

AVOID oxidative drugs

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11
Q

Sickle cell anemia- description

A

hereditary disorder- abnormal shaped RBCs are produced

Due to shape- more likely to get stuck and form clots

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12
Q

Sickle cell anemia- cause

A

Valine is substitued for Glutamine - in beta globin chain —> Hgb S

1:400 american blacks

Acute painful epsodes - vasooclusion crisis

  • spontaneous
  • infect
  • dehydration
  • Hypoxia

Occluded vessels may involve an organ —> ischemia
- CVA, PE, DVT, infacts, tissue death

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13
Q

Sickle cell anemia- s/s

A 
Chronically ill 
Jaundice 
Splenomegaly 
Systolic murmur 
Non-healing ulcers 
From 6m on
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14
Q

Sickle cell anemia- labs & imaging

A

Anemia
Retic- inc
Smear- sickle cells, Howell-Jolly bodies and target cells
Diag- Hgb electrophoresis- Hgb S is 85-90% of hgb

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15
Q

Sickle cell anemia- treatment

A 
No cure - direct to acute crisis 
Prophlaxsis - Hydroxyurea - inc cells
Uptodate on vaccines
Folic acid supplements
Blood transfusions - if necessary

Acute:

  • treat pain
  • find and remove preceipitant
  • tx infect and ischemia
  • hydrate and O2
  • exchange transufsions
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16
Q

Sickle cell anemia- risks

A 
Strokes 
PE 
DVTs
Inc infection 
Leg ulcers 
Osteor- necrosis
Gallstones 
Kidney damage 
Priapism
Splenic sequestration 
Eye damage 
Delayed growth 
Acute chest syndrome

Clin med sem 2 (30 decks)

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